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'''Red campion''' ('''''Silene dioica''''', [[synonymy|syn.]] ''Melandrium rubrum'') is a [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Caryophyllaceae]], native throughout central, western and northern [[Europe]], and locally in southern Europe.
It is a [[herbaceous]] [[biennial plant|biennial]] or [[perennial plant]], with dark pink to red [[flower]]s, each 1.8-2.5 cm across. The flowers are unscented. There are five petals which are deeply notched at the end, narrowed at the base and all go into an urn-shaped [[sepal| calyx]]. It flowers from May to October. The plant grows to 30-90 cm, with branching stems. The deep green [[leaf|leaves]] are in opposite pairs, simple acute ovate, 3-8 cm long with an untoothed margin; both the leaves and stems of the plant are hairy and slightly sticky. The upper leaves are stalkless. Male and female flowers are born on separate plants, the male with 10 [[stamens]] and a 10-veined calyx, the female with 5 styles and a 20-veined calyx. The fruit, produced from July onwards, is an ovoid capsule containing numerous seeds, opening at the apex by 10 teeth which curve back.
Red campion grows in roadsides, woodlands,and rocky slopes. It prefers to grow on damp, non-acid soils [1].
Plants with paler pink flowers are [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] with the closely related [[White Campion]] (''S. latifolia''); these are common in some areas.
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Lychnis dioica, Linn. (L. diurna, Sibth.). Red or Morning Campion. Coarse, hairy and usually somewhat viscid, 1-2 ft. tall, forking above: lvs. ovate-lanceolate or oblong, the cauline ones broad- based or clasping: fls. normally red (varying to pink and white), in loose, elongating or forking clusters (or at first single on the ends of the branches), opening in the morning, not fragrant, more or less dioecious; calyx oblong, reddish, not exceeding ½in. length: fr. or caps, large and globose, wide-mouthed, the teeth recurved. Eu. and Asia.—Frequent in old gardens, and also run wild in waste grounds in the eastern states. There are double-fld. forms.
Lychnis dioica, Linn. (L. diurna, Sibth.). Red or Morning Campion. Coarse, hairy and usually somewhat viscid, 1-2 ft. tall, forking above: lvs. ovate-lanceolate or oblong, the cauline ones broad- based or clasping: fls. normally red (varying to pink and white), in loose, elongating or forking clusters (or at first single on the ends of the branches), opening in the morning, not fragrant, more or less dioecious; calyx oblong, reddish, not exceeding ½in. length: fr. or caps, large and globose, wide-mouthed, the teeth recurved. Eu. and Asia.—Frequent in old gardens, and also run wild in waste grounds in the eastern states. There are double-fld. forms.
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
==Species==
==Varieties==
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery perrow=5>
File:Silene dioica a1.jpg| photo 1
File:SileneDioica-overz-hr.jpg| photo 2
File:Silene dioica Puna-ailakki V08 C H4538.jpg| photo 3
</gallery>
</gallery>
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
