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Solanum mauritianum (view source)

Revision as of 16:12, 2 June 2010

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
 
|familia=Solanaceae
 
|familia=Solanaceae
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|genus=Solanum  
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|genus=Solanum
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|species=mauritianum  
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|species=mauritianum
 
|common_name=Tree tobacco, Wild tobacco
 
|common_name=Tree tobacco, Wild tobacco
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|Max wd metric=ft
 
|Max wd metric=ft
 
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|poisonous=All parts
 
|lifespan=perennial
 
|lifespan=perennial
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
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|max_zone=12
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Solanum mauritianum.jpg
 
|image_width=240
 
|image_width=240
 
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{{Taxobox
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'''''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small [[tree]] or [[shrub]] native to [[South America]], including Northern [[Argentina]], Southern [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]] and [[Uruguay]].<ref name=Olckersa>Olckersa, T., Zimmermann, H.G., "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaegnifolium, and bugweed, Solanum mauritianum, (Solanaceae) in South Africa", ''[[Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment]]'',
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| color = lightgreen
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Vol. 37, Issues 1-3, October 1991, Pages 137-155[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3Y-48XKS8M-H9&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=994810849&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=61f7f8a61437859ad366194b754b58b3]</ref> It has become a widespread invasive [[weed]] in many countries.<ref name=Database>''Solanum Mauritianum'' Weed Profile, Global Invasive Species Database[http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=209&fr=1&sts=&lang=EN]</ref> Its common names include '''Woolly Nightshade''', '''Ear-leaved Nightshade''' (or "earleaf nightshade"), '''Flannel Weed''', '''Bugweed''', '''Tobacco Weed''', '''Tobacco Bush''', '''Wild Tobacco''' and '''Kerosene Plant'''.
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| name = ''Solanum mauritianum''
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| image = Woollynightshade.jpg
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The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall.  Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can [[flower]] year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many [[soil]] types and quickly becomes established around [[plantation]]s, forest margins, scrub and open land.
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[flowering plants|Tracheobionta]]
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==Cultivation==
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| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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| subclassis = [[Asteridae]]
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| ordo = [[Solanales]]
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===Propagation===
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| familia = [[Solanaceae]]
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| genus = ''[[Solanum]]''
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| species = '''''S. mauritianum'''''
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| binomial = ''Solanum mauritianum''
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}}
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'''''Solanum mauritianum''''' is a small [[tree]] or [[shrub]] native to [[South America]] and an [[invasive weed]] in some other places, whose common names include '''woolly nightshade''', '''earleaf nightshade''', '''flannel weed''', '''bugweed''', '''tobacco weed''', and '''kerosene plant'''.
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===Pests and diseases===
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The plant has a life of up to thirty years, and can grow up to 10 m tall.  Its large oval leaves are grey-green in color and covered with felt-like hairs. The flower is purple with a yellow center. The plant can [[flower]] year round but fruiting occurs in late spring to early summer. It is tolerant of many [[soil]] types and quickly becomes established around plantations, forest margins, scrub and open land.
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In its native habitat, this is a favoured food plant of the [[African Olive Pigeon]],''Columba arquatrix''.
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==Varieties==
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Woolly nightshade has become highly invasive in [[New Zealand]].  It arrived there by [[1880]], and is now well established from [[Taupo]] northward. Woolly nightshade is poisonous and handling the plants can cause irritation and [[nausea]]. The dust from the plant can cause respiratory problems if exposure is prolonged. Because of its ability to affect human health and because of its aggressive and fast growing character it is illegal in some areas of New Zealand to sell, propagate, or distribute any part of the plant.
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This plant has also become an invasive weed in [[Australia]], particularly on the east coast, and is known colloquially as wild tobacco, although Australia possesses many plants of the [[Nicotiana]] genus which are more correctly known as wild tobaccos.
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==Gallery==
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<gallery perrow=5>
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File:Solanum mauritianum, flowers, fruits.jpg| photo 1
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File:Solanum mauritianum (Flower).jpg| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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The main toxic compound in ''S. mauritianum'' is the [[steroid]] [[alkaloid]] [[solasodine]].
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==References==
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<references/>
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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== References ==
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==External links==
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* Gibbs, Barnes and Cox, ''Pigeons and Doves'' (Pica Press 2001) ISBN 1-873403-60-7
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*{{wplink}}
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[[Category:Solanum]]
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__
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