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Calia secundiflora (view source)

Revision as of 01:49, 3 June 2010

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
 
|familia=Fabaceae
 
|familia=Fabaceae
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|genus=Calia  
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|genus=Calia
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|species=secundiflora  
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|species=secundiflora
 
|common_name=Frijolito, Mescal bean, Texas mountain laurel
 
|common_name=Frijolito, Mescal bean, Texas mountain laurel
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|Max wd metric=ft
 
|Max wd metric=ft
 
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|poisonous=all parts
 
|lifespan=perennial
 
|lifespan=perennial
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|max_zone=11
 
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Calia secundiflora flowers.jpg
 
|image_width=240
 
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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'''''Calia secundiflora''''' is a species of [[Flowering plant|flowering]] [[shrub]] or small tree in the [[pea]] family, [[Fabaceae]],<ref name="USFS">[http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/sopsec/all.html Sophora secundiflora]</ref> that is native to the [[southwestern United States]] ([[Texas]], [[New Mexico]]) and Mexico ([[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] and [[Coahuila]] south to [[Hidalgo (Mexico)|Hidalgo]], [[Puebla]] and [[Querétaro]]).<ref name="GRIN"/> Common names include '''Texas Mountain Laurel''', '''Texas Mescalbean''', '''Frijolito''', and '''Frijolillo'''.<ref name="USFS"/> It is an often-misunderstood plant, frequently confused with the ''[[Agave]]'' species used to make [[mezcal]], as well as with [[Peyote]] (''Lophophora williamsii''), which contains [[mescaline]].<ref>[http://waynesword.palomar.edu/peyote.htm Mescal Bean & The Unrelated Peyote Cactus]</ref>
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It is well-adapted to [[arid]] and [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] habitats but is most common in [[riparian zone]]s.<ref name="USFS"/>
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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An [[evergreen]], its [[Leaf|leaves]] are [[pinnate]]ly-compound, with small, roughly spatulate [[leaflet]]s; the leaflets are rather thick, and waxy to the touch  Never tall, and rarely having a straight trunk, its [[bark]] is smooth in all but the oldest specimens.<ref>[http://ag.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Sophora_secundiflora.html Sophora secundiflora Texas mountain laurel]</ref> It grows slowly to a height of {{convert|15|ft|m|abbr=on}} and a crown diameter of {{convert|10|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Mielke">[http://books.google.com/books?id=7KFT2hGIFPMC&dq Native Plants for Southwestern Landscapes]</ref>
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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Extremely fragrant purple [[flower]]s, resembling the smell of grape soda, are produced in large clusters in March and April. They are followed by {{convert|4|in|cm|abbr=on}} [[Legume|pods]] containing deep orange [[seed]]s.<ref name="Mielke"/>
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| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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''C. secundiflora'' is a popular [[ornamental plant]] due to its showy [[flower]]s and orange [[seed]]s. The reddish [[wood]] it produces is potentially useful, but as yet has little commercial value.
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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Further adding to this is the fact that the beans were in fact once used by some [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|native American]] tribes as a [[hallucinogen]], before being supplanted by [[peyote]]. This plant does not contain any mescaline, however; all parts of it are highly poisonous, due to the principle [[alkaloid]] [[cytisine]], which is chemically related to [[nicotine]].
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| regnum = Plantae  <!--- Kingdom -->
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{{Inc|
 
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Sophora secundiflora, Lag. Small tree, 35 ft. high, with short, slender trunk and upright branches forming a narrow head or shrubby: lvs. 4-6 in. long; lfts. 7-9, elliptic or obovate-oblong to oblong, rounded or emarginate at the apex, cuneate at the base, silky- pubescent while young, dark yellowish green above, 1-2 1/2 in. long: fls. violet-blue, the standard marked near the base with a few dark spots, very fragrant, about 1 in. long, in 1-sided racemes 2-3 in. long: pod white-tomentose, terete, 1-7 in. long, 1/2 – 3/4 in. thick; seed bright scarlet. Spring. Texas to New Mex.— On account of its handsome fragrant fls., to be recommended for planting South.
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Sophora secundiflora, Lag. Small tree, 35 ft. high, with short, slender trunk and upright branches forming a narrow head or shrubby: lvs. 4-6 in. long; lfts. 7-9, elliptic or obovate-oblong to oblong, rounded or emarginate at the apex, cuneate at the base, silky- pubescent while young, dark yellowish green above, 1-2 1/2 in. long: fls. violet-blue, the standard marked near the base with a few dark spots, very fragrant, about 1 in. long, in 1-sided racemes 2-3 in. long: pod white-tomentose, terete, 1-7 in. long, 1/2 – 3/4 in. thick; seed bright scarlet. Spring. Texas to New Mex. S.S. 3:121. R.H. 1854:201.— On account of its handsome fragrant fls., to be recommended for planting South.
   
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
 
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===Pests and diseases===
 
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==Species==
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==Varieties==
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==Gallery==
 
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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File:Calia-secundiflora-20080321.JPG| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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File:Sophora secundiflora beans.jpg| photo 2
 
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 
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==References==
 
==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<references/>
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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