Changes

{{SPlantbox

{{SPlantbox

|familia=Rosaceae

|familia=Rosaceae

|genus=Spiraea  

|genus=Spiraea

|species=japonica  

|species=japonica

|common_name=Japanese spirea

|common_name=Japanese spirea

|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|exposure=sun

|exposure=sun

|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|features=flowers

|features=deciduous, flowers, naturalizes, invasive

|flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer

|flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer

|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|max_zone=10

|max_zone=10

|image=Upload.png

|image=Spiraea-bumalda.JPG

|image_width=240

|image_width=240

}}

}}

'''''Spiraea japonica''''' ('''Japanese spiraea''') is a [[plant]] in the family [[Rosaceae]].<ref>http://www.floridata.com/ref/S/spir_jap.cfm</ref> Synonyms for the species name are ''Spiraea bumalda'' Burv. and ''Spiraea japonica'' var. ''alpina'' Maxim.<ref name="Invasive Species Specialist Group">{http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=622&fr=1&sts=sss</ref>

| name = ''LATINNAME''   <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->

 

| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->

''Spiraea japonica'' is one of several [[Spiraea]] [[shrub]]s with alternate, simple [[leaf|leaves]], on wiry, freely branching, erect stems. Stems are brown to reddish-brown, round in cross-section and sometimes hairy. The shrub reaches 1.2 m to almost 2 m in height and about the same in width. The [[deciduous]] leaves are generally an ovate shape about 2.5 cm to 7.5 cm long, have toothed margins, and alternate along the stem. Clusters of rosy-pink flowers are found at the tips of the branches. The seeds measure about 2.5 mm in length and are found in small lustrous capsules.<ref name="Invasive Species Specialist Group"/>  

| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->

 

| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->

It is naturally variable in form and there are many varieties of it in the horticulture trade. So far, nine varieties have been described within the species.<ref name="Invasive Species Specialist Group"/>

| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->

 

| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->

''Spiraea japonica'' is a deciduous, perennial shrub native to Japan, China, and Korea. Southwest China is the center for biodiversity of the species.<ref name="Invasive Species Specialist Group"/> It is naturalized throughout much of the [[Northeast U.S.|Northeast]], [[Southeast U.S.|Southeast]], and [[Midwest U.S.|Midwest]] areas of the [[United States]], and parts of [[Canada]].<ref name="National Park Service">http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/spja1.htm</ref>

| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->

 

| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->

A common habitat for ''S. japonica'' in general seems to be in riparian areas, bogs, or other wetland habitats. It is found growing along streams, rivers, forest edges, roadsides, successional fields, and power line right-of-ways. It prefers full sun, but can tolerate partial shade. It prefers lots of water during the growing season; however, it cannot tolerate saturated soils for extended periods of time. It prefers a rich, moist loam, but it can grow in a wide variety of soils, including those on the alkaline side.<ref name="Invasive Species Specialist Group"/>

| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->

 

| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->

''Spiraea japonica'' was introduced in [[North America]] as an ornamental landscape plant and first cultivated in the northeastern states around 1870.<ref name="National Park Service"/>

 

| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->

It is a common ornamental. The tall forms are grown as hedges, low screens, or foundation shrubs. The low-growing forms are used as groundcovers or in borders. It has been used as traditional medicine by native people, and extracts from the plants were found to be bioactive.<ref name="Invasive Species Specialist Group"/>

| bloom =     <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->

 

''Spiraea japonica'' have become naturalized and occupy habitats similar to those of native spireas. It aggressively invades disturbed areas and forms dense stands that outcompete native species. It often spreads locally when its hardy seeds are transported along watercourses and in fill dirt.<ref name="Invasive Species Specialist Group"/>

| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->

 

Once established, ''S. japonica'' grows quickly and forms dense stands that outcompete much of the existing native herbs and shrubs. The seeds can last for many years in the soil, making its control and the restoration of native vegetation especially difficult. Growing populations will creep into meadows, forest openings, and other sites.<ref name="Invasive Species Specialist Group"/>

| image = Upload.png  <!--- Freesia.jpg -->

 

| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->

| image_caption =    <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->

| regnum = Plantae  <!--- Kingdom -->

| divisio =   <!--- Phylum -->

| ordo =    <!--- Order -->

| familia =   <!--- Family -->

| cultivar =  

{{Inc|

{{Inc|

Spiraea japonica, Linn. (S. callosa, Thunb.). Shrub, 4 ft. high, with upright branches glabrous or puberulous when young: lvs. ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends or acuminate, doubly and incisely serrate, pale bluish green and usually glabrous beneath, 1-4 in. long: fls. small, pale to deep pink, in usually much-compound and rather loose corymbs; sepals reflexed in fr.: follicles glabrous, diverging with ascending styles. June, July. Japan, China.—A very variable species. The variety most common in cult. usually under the name S. callosa is var. Fortunei, Rehd. (S. Fortunei, Planch. S. callosa, Lindl., not Thunb.). Higher, with quite terete branches: lvs. 2-4 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply and doubly serrate, with incurved, callous-tipped teeth, rugose above, bluish white beneath: corymbs very compound, rather loose; disk less developed, sometimes wanting. E. and Cent. China. F.S. 9:871. B.M. 5164. B.H. 8:129.—Handsome shrub with the young unfolding lvs. of a pretty purplish color and very large much-compound corymbs. The Japanese forms grow less high, have smaller and broader, coarsely doubly dentate-serrate lvs., not rugose and less whitish beneath; the sts. are slightly striped by the decurrent petioles and the infl. is less compound. Other varieties of Chinese origin are the two following recently intro. varieties. Var. acuminata, Franch. Lvs. ovate-oblong to lanceolate, acuminate, green and pubescent beneath, at least on the veins, 2-3 1/2 in. long: fls. pink, in terminal corymbs 4-6 in. across. Cent. and W. China. Var. ovalifolia, Franch. Lvs. oval to elliptic, acute, glabrous and glaucescent beneath, 1 1/2 - 3 in. long: fls. white, in corymbs 3-5 in. across. W. China.—Japanese forms little known in cult. are var. pubescens, Regel, with the lvs. pubescent beneath and the corymbs pubescent, and var. glabrata, Nichols. (S. glabrata, Lange), with ovate glabrous lvs. and bright pink fls. in glabrous corymbs. The following are garden forms: Var. atrosanguinea, Zabel. Fls. deep pink, in tomentose corymbs. Var. ruberrima, Zabel. Fls. deep pink, in puberulous corymbs. Var. macrophylla, Simon-Louis. Lvs. becoming 6 in. long, bullate: corymbs small. Var. variegata, Hort. Lvs. variegated with yellowish white. Most of the other forms enumerated as varieties under this species are hybrids.

Spiraea japonica, Linn. (S. callosa, Thunb.). Shrub, 4 ft. high, with upright branches glabrous or puberulous when young: lvs. ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute at both ends or acuminate, doubly and incisely serrate, pale bluish green and usually glabrous beneath, 1-4 in. long: fls. small, pale to deep pink, in usually much-compound and rather loose corymbs; sepals reflexed in fr.: follicles glabrous, diverging with ascending styles. June, July. Japan, China.—A very variable species. The variety most common in cult. usually under the name S. callosa is var. Fortunei, Rehd. (S. Fortunei, Planch. S. callosa, Lindl., not Thunb.). Higher, with quite terete branches: lvs. 2-4 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply and doubly serrate, with incurved, callous-tipped teeth, rugose above, bluish white beneath: corymbs very compound, rather loose; disk less developed, sometimes wanting. E. and Cent. China. F.S. 9:871. B.M. 5164. B.H. 8:129.—Handsome shrub with the young unfolding lvs. of a pretty purplish color and very large much-compound corymbs. The Japanese forms grow less high, have smaller and broader, coarsely doubly dentate-serrate lvs., not rugose and less whitish beneath; the sts. are slightly striped by the decurrent petioles and the infl. is less compound. Other varieties of Chinese origin are the two following recently intro. varieties. Var. acuminata, Franch. Lvs. ovate-oblong to lanceolate, acuminate, green and pubescent beneath, at least on the veins, 2-3 1/2 in. long: fls. pink, in terminal corymbs 4-6 in. across. Cent. and W. China. Var. ovalifolia, Franch. Lvs. oval to elliptic, acute, glabrous and glaucescent beneath, 1 1/2 - 3 in. long: fls. white, in corymbs 3-5 in. across. W. China.—Japanese forms little known in cult. are var. pubescens, Regel, with the lvs. pubescent beneath and the corymbs pubescent, and var. glabrata, Nichols. (S. glabrata, Lange), with ovate glabrous lvs. and bright pink fls. in glabrous corymbs. The following are garden forms: Var. atrosanguinea, Zabel. Fls. deep pink, in tomentose corymbs. Var. ruberrima, Zabel. Fls. deep pink, in puberulous corymbs. Var. macrophylla, Simon-Louis. Lvs. becoming 6 in. long, bullate: corymbs small. Var. variegata, Hort. Lvs. variegated with yellowish white. Most of the other forms enumerated as varieties under this species are hybrids.

{{SCH}}

{{SCH}}

==Cultivation==

==Cultivation==

 

===Propagation===

===Propagation===

 

===Pests and diseases===

===Pests and diseases===

==Species==

 

==Varieties==

 

==Gallery==

==Gallery==

{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->

<gallery perrow=5>

 

File:Spiraea x bumalda.JPG| photo 1

File:Beautifulflowers8.jpg| photo 2

Image:Upload.png| photo 1

File:Spiraea bumalda3.jpg| photo 3

Image:Upload.png| photo 2

Image:Upload.png| photo 3

</gallery>

</gallery>

==References==

==References==

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->

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