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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|familia=Orchidaceae
|familia=Orchidaceae
|genus=Stanhopea
|genus=Stanhopea
|common_name=Upside-down orchid
|common_name=Upside-down orchid
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|image=Stanhopea insignis Orchi 001.jpg
|image_width=200
|image_caption=''Stanhopea insignis''
| image = Stanhopea insignis Orchi 001.jpg
| image_width = 180px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
| image_caption = ''Stanhopea insignis''
}}
}}
'''''Stanhopea''''' ([[John Frost (Botanist)|J. Frost]] ex [[William Jackson Hooker|Hook.]] 1829) is a genus of the orchid family ([[Orchidaceae]]) from Central and South America. The abbreviation used in horticultural trade is ''Stan.'' The genus is named for the 4th [[Earl Stanhope|Earl of Stanhope]] (Philip Henry Stanhope) (1781-1855), president of the Medico-Botanical Society of London (1829-1837). These [[epiphyte|epiphytic]], but occasionally [[terrestrial plant|terrestrial]] orchids can be found in damp forests from [[Mexico]] to NW [[Argentina]]. Their ovate [[pseudobulb]]s carry from the top one long, plicate, elliptic [[leaf]].
It is noted for its complex and usually fragrant [[flower]]s that are generally spectacular and short-lived. Their pendant [[inflorescence]]s are noted for flowering out of the bottom of the containers in which they grow, lending themselves to culture in baskets that have enough open space for the infloresence push through. They are sometimes called upside-down orchids.
'''Primitive Stanhopeas'''<ref>http://autrevie.com/Stanhopea/Stanhopea_Primitives.html</ref>
Most ''Stanhopea'' flowers flash prominent, elegant horns on the epichile. The exception are the species; ''[[Stanhopea annulata|S. annulata]]'', ''[[Stanhopea avicula|S. avicula]]'', ''[[Stanhopea cirrhata|S. cirrhata]]'', ''[[Stanhopea ecornuta|S. ecornuta]]'' and ''[[Stanhopea pulla|S. pulla]]''. A second group have short or truncated horns, they include the species; ''[[Stanhopea candida|S. candida]]'', ''[[Stanhopea grandiflora|S. grandiflora]]'', ''[[Stanhopea reichenbachiana|S. reichenbachiana]]'', ''[[Stanhopea tricornis|S. tricornis]]'' and the natural hybrid ''[[Stanhopea x herrenhusana|S. x herrenhusana]]''. The structure of the labellum of this group is in general, not as complex as other members of the genus.
With most Stanhopea flowers lasting three days or less, the blooms must attract pollinators very quickly. These chemical attractants are generated in the hypochile, attracting the male [[Euglossini|euglossine]] bees to the flower. When the bee touches down on the flower, a great effort is made to collect chemical scent - he eventually slides on the waxy surface of the hypochile, gliding down on the slippery lip to exit the flower. The long [[column (botany)|column]] is touched in the process, resulting in the bee taking up [[pollinium|pollinia]] at the very tip of the column. When the bee slides down another flower, the pollinia are deposited on the sticky surface of the [[carpel|stigma]].
The majority of species are robust plants that grow readily in cultivation. For relatives of Stanhopea see [[Stanhopeinae]] and the closely related sister subtribe ''[[Coeliopsidinae]]''..
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Stanhopea (named for the Earl of Stanhope, president of the Medico-Botanical Society, London). Orchidaceae. Epiphytic orchids easily grown and very interesting, but the fugacious character of their flowers has been unfavorable to their extensive cultivation.
Stanhopea (named for the Earl of Stanhope, president of the Medico-Botanical Society, London). Orchidaceae. Epiphytic orchids easily grown and very interesting, but the fugacious character of their flowers has been unfavorable to their extensive cultivation.
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery perrow=5>
<gallery>
Image:Stanhopea anfracta Orchi 001.jpg|''Stanhopea anfracta''
Image:Stanhopea anfracta Orchi 001.jpg|''Stanhopea anfracta''
Image:Stanhopea annulata Orchi 001.jpg|''Stanhopea annulata''
Image:Stanhopea annulata Orchi 001.jpg|''Stanhopea annulata''
Hybrids:
Hybrids:
<gallery>
<gallery perrow=5>
Image:Stanhopea x horichiana Orchi 01.jpg|''Stanhopea × horichiana''
Image:Stanhopea x horichiana Orchi 01.jpg|''Stanhopea × horichiana''
</gallery>
</gallery>
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
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