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|image_caption=Lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
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'''''Syringa''''' ('''Lilac''') is a genus of about 20–25 species of [[flowering plant|flowering]] [[woody plant]]s in the olive family ([[Oleaceae]]), native to woodland and scrub from southeastern [[Europe]] to eastern [[Asia]].<ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Syringa&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Syringa'']</ref><ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=132143 ''Syringa'']</ref><ref name=fop>Flora of Pakistan: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=132143 ''Syringa'']</ref><ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?11814 ''Syringa'']</ref>
| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
[[Image:Syringa-josikaea-flowering.JPG|left|thumb|''Syringa josikaea'']]
They are [[deciduous]] [[shrub]]s or small [[tree]]s, ranging in size from 2–10 m tall, with stems up to 20–30 cm diameter. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite (occasionally in whorls of three) in [[Phyllotaxis|arrangement]], and their [[Leaf shape|shape]] is simple and heart-shaped to broad lanceolate in most species, but [[pinnate]] in a few species (e.g. ''S. protolaciniata, S. pinnatifolia''). The [[flower]]s are produced in spring, each flower being 5–10 mm in diameter with a four-lobed [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]], the corolla tube narrow, 5–20 mm long; they are [[plant sexuality|bisexual]], with fertile [[stamen]]s and [[Gynoecium|stigma]] in each flower. The usual flower colour is a shade of purple (often a light purple or [[lilac (color)|lilac]]), but white, pale yellow and pink, and even a dark burgundy color are also found. The flowers grow in large [[panicle]]s, and in several species have a strong fragrance. Flowering varies between mid spring to early summer, depending on the species. The [[fruit]] is a dry, brown [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]], splitting in two at maturity to release the two winged [[seed]]s.<ref name=foc/><ref name=fop/><ref name=grin/><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
Lilacs are popular shrubs in [[park]]s and [[garden]]s throughout the temperate zone. In addition to the species listed above, several [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]]s and numerous [[cultivar]]s have been developed. The term '''French lilac''' is often used to refer to modern [[double-flowered]] cultivars, thanks to the work of prolific breeder [[Victor Lemoine]].
| origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
[[Image:lilac.head.600pix.jpg|left|thumb|A white, double-flowered cultivar]]
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
Lilacs flower on old wood, and produce more flowers if unpruned. If pruned, the plant responds by producing fast-growing young vegetative growth with no flowers, in an attempt to restore the removed branches; a pruned lilac often produces few or no flowers for one to five or more years, before the new growth matures sufficiently to start flowering. Unpruned lilacs flower reliably every year. Despite this, a common fallacy holds that lilacs should be pruned regularly. If pruning is required, it should be done right after flowering is finished, before next year's flower buds are formed. Lilacs generally grow better in slightly [[alkaline]] soil.
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
Lilac bushes can be prone to powdery mildew disease, which is caused by poor air circulation.
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Syringa (of doubtful meaning; probably from syrinx, pipe, because pipes are made from the straight stems of Philadelphus by removing the pith, and the name Syringa had been originally applied to Philadelphus but was transferred to the lilac. Philadelphus is still popularly called Syringa). Oleaceae. Lilac. Ornamental woody plants grown chiefly for beautiful and showy often fragrant flowers.
Syringa (of doubtful meaning; probably from syrinx, pipe, because pipes are made from the straight stems of Philadelphus by removing the pith, and the name Syringa had been originally applied to Philadelphus but was transferred to the lilac. Philadelphus is still popularly called Syringa). Oleaceae. Lilac. Ornamental woody plants grown chiefly for beautiful and showy often fragrant flowers.
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
==Species==
==Species==
[[Image:Syringa microphylla C.jpg|right|thumb|250px|''Syringa microphylla'']]
[[Image:Royal Botanical Gardens Lilac Celebration.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Lilacs as showcased in the Lilac Celebration held each May at the [[Royal Botanical Gardens, Ontario]]]]
{|
|- alinee-
|
*''[[Syringa afghanica]]''
*''[[Syringa emodi]]'' - Himalayan Lilac
*''[[Syringa josikaea]]''
*''[[Syringa komarowii]]'' (syn. ''S. reflexa'')
*''[[Syringa mairei]]''
*''[[Syringa microphylla]]''
*''[[Syringa meyeri]]''
*''[[Syringa oblata]]''
*''[[Syringa pinetorum]]''
*''[[Syringa pinnatifolia]]''
*''[[Syringa protolaciniata]]''
*''[[Syringa pubescens]]''
*''Syringa pubescens'' subsp. ''julianae'' (syn. ''S. julianae'')
*''Syringa pubescens'' subsp. ''microphylla'' (syn. ''S. microphylla'')
*''Syringa pubescens'' subsp. ''patula'' (syn. ''S. patula'')
*''[[Syringa reticulata]]'' (syn. ''S. pekinensis'') - Japanese Tree Lilac
*''[[Syringa spontanea]]''
*''[[Syringa sweginzowii]]''
*''[[Syringa tibetica]]''
*''[[Syringa tomentella]]''
*''[[Syringa villosa]]''
*''[[Syringa vulgaris]]'' - Common Lilac
*''[[Syringa wardii]]''
*''[[Syringa wolfii]]''
*''[[Syringa yunnanensis]]'' - Yunnan Lilac
|
;Hybrids
*''[[Syringa × chinensis]]
*''[[Syringa × diversifolia]]'' (''S. oblata'' × ''S. pinnatifolia'')
*''[[Syringa × henryi]]'' (''S. josikaea'' × ''S. villosa'')
*''[[Syringa × hyacinthiflora]]'' (''S. oblata'' × ''S. vulgaris'')
*''[[Syringa × josiflexa]]'' (''S. josikaea'' × ''S. komarowii'')
*''[[Syringa × lacinoata]]'' (''S. protolaciniata'' × ''S. vulgaris'')
*''[[Syringa × persica]]'' (''S. protolaciniata'' × unknown)
*''[[Syringa × prestoniae]]'' (''S. komarowii'' × ''S. villosa'')
*''[[Syringa × swegiflexa]]'' (''S. komarowii'' × ''S. sweginzowii'')
|}
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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==References==
==References==
<references/>
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
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