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Acacia harpophylla (view source)

Revision as of 15:55, 6 July 2010

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|common_name=Brigalow
 
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
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'''''Acacia harpophylla''''', commonly known as the  '''Brigalow''' , '''Brigalow Spearwood''' or '''Orkor''' is an [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] tree of [[Australia]]. It is found in central and coastal [[Queensland]] to northern [[New South Wales]]. It can reach up to 25 meters tall and forms extensive open-forest communities on clay soils.
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Two species, brigalow  (''A.  harpophylla'') and gidgee ([[Acacia cambagei|''A. cambagei'']]) form open woodlands on flat and gently undulating terrain on heavy and relatively fertile clay and clay-loam soils primarily in the 300-700mm annual rainfall region of Eastern Australia.  These woodlands extend from a northern extreme of 20o S  into northern New South Wales.  Brigalow and gidgee occur as mixed communities in some regions and are commonly associated with several other woody species, including overstorey species such as ''[[Eucalyptus coolabah]]'', ''E.  cambageana'', ''Casuarina cristata'', and a range of understorey species <ref>Scanlan, J. C. (1988). Managing tree and shrub populations. Native pastures in Queensland their resources and management. W. H. Burrows, J. C. Scanlan and M. T. Rutherford. Queensland, Queensland Government Press.</ref><ref name="Anderson, E 1990">Anderson, E. and P. Back (1990). Fire in brigalow lands. Fire in the management of northern Australian pastoral lands. T. C. Grice and S. M. Slatter. St. Lucia, Australia, Tropical Grassland Society of Australia.</ref>. ''A.  tephrina'', ''A.  georginae'' and ''A.  argyrodendron'' also occupy similar habitats and have similar habits and growth forms, but are less widespread, while a number of other ''Acacia'' species also form structurally similar communities <ref name="Johnson, R. W 1994">Johnson, R. W. and W. H. Burrows (1994). Acacia open forest, woodlands and shrublands. Australian Vegetation. R. H. Groves. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.</ref>
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Brigalow occurs from coastal regions receiving in excess of 900mm rainfall  per year through to the semi arid 500mm rainfall region although it is primarily a semi-arid zone species <ref name="Anderson, E 1990"/><ref name="Johnson, R. W 1994"/>.  Gidgee  (''A.  cambagei'') replaces brigalow as rainfall drops in western regions and extends from 650mm-300mm <ref>Weston, E. J. (1988). The Queensland Environment. Native pastures in Queensland their resources and management. W. H. Burrows, J. C. Scanlan and M. T. Rutherford. Brisbane, Queensland Government Press.</ref>.  Gidgee, with a maximum height of approximately 12 metres is somewhat smaller than brigalow which can attain heights of 20 metres <ref>Anderson, E. R. (1993). Plants of Central Queensland. Brisbane, Queensland Government Press.</ref>.  In the north-western regions Black gidgee (''A.  argyrodendron'') replaces brigalow in many areas, while in Central-Western districts Boree (''A.  tephrina'') forms woodlands and shrublands, frequently on cracking clay soils and often in association with ''A.  cambagei''. Georgina gidgee (''A.  georginae'') woodlands are found in more arid regions in the 200-250mm rainfall belt <ref name="Johnson, R. W 1994"/>.
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Acacia harpophylla, F. v. M. A tree with slightly angular branchlets: phyll. striate, 3-5-nerved, falcate- lanceolate, tapering to both ends, 6-8 in. long, 1/3-3/4in. wide: fls. in clusters with peduncles 1/2in. long, or in short racemes, much shorter than phyfl., 15-20 fls. in a head; sepals not half so long as petals: pod striate, more or less constricted and contracted between seeds, 3-4, or even 5, in. long, 1/6in. wide; seed elliptic; funicle half as long as seed and but slightly enlarged into aril.
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Acacia harpophylla, F. v. M. A tree with slightly angular branchlets: phyll. striate, 3-5-nerved, falcate- lanceolate, tapering to both ends, 6-8 in. long, 1/3-3/4in. wide: fls. in clusters with peduncles 1/2in. long, or in short racemes, much shorter than phyfl., 15-20 fls. in a head; sepals not half so long as petals: pod striate, more or less constricted and contracted between seeds, 3-4, or even 5, in. long, 1/6in. wide; seed elliptic; funicle half as long as seed and but slightly enlarged into aril. F. v. M. 6:9.
   
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==Cultivation==
 
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==Species==
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Image:Brigalow tree.jpg| photo 1
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==References==
 
==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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