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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
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|image=California Blackwalnut.jpg
|image=Juglans californica JoeDecruyenaere.jpg
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|image_caption=California Black Walnut
|image_caption=California Black Walnut
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'''''Juglans californica''''', the '''California Black Walnut''', also called the '''California Walnut''', or the '''Southern California Black Walnut''', is a large shrub or small tree (up to 30 feet tall) [[endemism|endemic]] to [[California]]. Some authorities (e.g. the [[California Native Plant Society]]) combines this species with ''J. hindsii''. On the other hand, a 2007 molecular analysis of the genus<ref>Aradhya, M. K, D. Potter, F. Gao, & C. J. Simon: "Molecular phylogeny of ''Juglans'' (Juglandaceae): a biogeographic perspective: ''Tree Genetics & Genomes'' (2007)3:363-378 </ref> suggests that J. californica is sister to the remaining black walnuts (Rhysocaryon).This article uses the ''The Jepson Manual'' convention of species, <ref>http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?76333</ref><ref>http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?Juglans+hindsii&expand=1</ref>.
'''''Juglans californica''''', the '''California Black Walnut''', also called the '''California Walnut''', or the '''Southern California Black Walnut''', is a large shrub or small tree (up to 30 feet tall) [[endemism|endemic]] to [[California]]. Some authorities (e.g. the [[California Native Plant Society]]) combines this species with ''J. hindsii''. On the other hand, a 2007 molecular analysis of the genus<ref>Aradhya, M. K, D. Potter, F. Gao, & C. J. Simon: "Molecular phylogeny of ''Juglans'' (Juglandaceae): a biogeographic perspective: ''Tree Genetics & Genomes'' (2007)3:363-378 </ref> suggests that J. californica is sister to the remaining black walnuts (Rhysocaryon).This article uses the ''The Jepson Manual'' convention of species, <ref>http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?76333</ref><ref>http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?Juglans+hindsii&expand=1</ref>.
Juglans californica, generally found in the southern half of the state, can be either a large shrub with 1-5 trunks, or a small single-trunked tree. The main trunk can fork close to the ground making it look like two trees that have grown together, then diverged. It has thick bark, deeply channeled or furrowed at maturity. It has large, [[pinnate]]ly compound leaves with 11-19 [[lanceolate]] leaflets with toothed margins and no hair in the vein angles<ref>Kershner, Mathews, Nelson, and Spellenberg, ''National Wildlife Federation field Guide to Trees of North America'', 2008, Chanticleer Press, Inc. p. 229</ref>. It has a small hard nut in a shallowly grooved thick shell that is difficult to remove.
Juglans californica, generally found in the southern half of the state, can be either a large shrub with 1-5 trunks, or a small single-trunked tree. The main trunk can fork close to the ground making it look like two trees that have grown together, then diverged. It has thick bark, deeply channeled or furrowed at maturity. It has large, [[pinnate]]ly compound leaves with 11-19 [[lanceolate]] leaflets with toothed margins and no hair in the vein angles<ref>Kershner, Mathews, Nelson, and Spellenberg, ''National Wildlife Federation field Guide to Trees of North America'', 2008, Chanticleer Press, Inc. p. 229</ref>. It has a small hard nut in a shallowly grooved thick shell that is difficult to remove.
The [[Chumash (tribe)|Chumash Indians]] of the [[Channel Islands of California]] and [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]] eat the nuts, however, they are not grown commercially for this purpose.
The [[Chumash (tribe)|Chumash Indians]] of the [[Channel Islands of California]] and [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]] eat the nuts, however, they are not grown commercially for this purpose.
''J. californica'' is threatened by development and overgrazing. Some native stands remain in urban [[Los Angeles]] in the [[Santa Monica Mountains]] and [[Hollywood Hills]]. ''J. californica'' grows in [[riparian]] woodlands, either in single species stands or mixed with California's oaks (''[[Quercus]]'') and cottonwoods (''[[Poplar|Populus]]'').
''J. californica'' is threatened by development and overgrazing. Some native stands remain in urban [[Los Angeles]] in the [[Santa Monica Mountains]] and [[Hollywood Hills]]. ''J. californica'' grows in [[riparian]] woodlands, either in single species stands or mixed with California's oaks (''[[Quercus]]'') and cottonwoods (''[[Poplar|Populus]]'').
''J. californica'' grows as part of mixed woodlands in California's Coast Ranges, [[Transverse Ranges]], and [[Peninsular Ranges]], and also on slopes and in valleys wherever conditions are favorable throughout California west of the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] and the deserts and south of the [[Klamath Mountains]]. ''J. californica'' is cultivated as an ornamental tree wherever it will grow in California, and in Hawaii.
''J. californica'' grows as part of mixed woodlands in California's Coast Ranges, [[Transverse Ranges]], and [[Peninsular Ranges]], and also on slopes and in valleys wherever conditions are favorable throughout California west of the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] and the deserts and south of the [[Klamath Mountains]]. ''J. californica'' is cultivated as an ornamental tree wherever it will grow in California, and in Hawaii.
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