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|familia=Polygonaceae
|familia=Polygonaceae
|genus=Fallopia
|genus=Fallopia
|taxo_author=Adans.
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|image=Upload.png
|image=Riesenknoeterich.jpg
|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Fallopia japonica
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'''''Fallopia''''' is a genus of about 12–15 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Polygonaceae]], often included in a wider treatment of the related genus ''[[Polygonum]]'' in the past. The genus is native to temperate and subtropical regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]]. The genus includes [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]]s, herbaceous [[vine]]s, and [[wood]]y vines.
Several species are serious [[invasive species|invasive weeds]], notably Japanese knotweed in Europe and North America ([[Fallopia#Invasive species|see below]]).
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
===Invasive species===
Many knotweed species, particularly [[Japanese knotweed]], [[giant knotweed]] and [[Himalayan knotweed]] are considered noxious, [[Invasive species|invasive]] pests. Like many such weeds, Japanese knotweed was introduced from [[Japan]] first into the [[England|U.K.]], then into [[North America]] in the 19th century as an [[ornamental plant]].
Some knotweeds grow extremely quickly during the spring; giant knotweed can reach 4.5 m by summer, Japanese knotweed 3 m, and "dwarf" Himalayan knotweed 1.5–2 m. In Japan, Japanese knotweed is known as ''itadori'', or "strong plant". Some species can spread rapidly from an extensive network of [[rhizome]]s (roots that can sprout) spreading from 7–20 m from the parent plant and at least 2 m deep. Root and stem fragments as small as 1 cm can form new plant colonies. Floods and high water events wash whole or partial plants into rivers and creeks, dispersing pieces of knotweed throughout the flooded area and banks, which give rise to new plants. As with other invasive species of plants, freshly disturbed [[soil]] allows the rapidly growing young knotweed plants to outgrow other plants and take over the area, suppressing other species. Cutting, mowing, digging and some [[herbicide]] treatments, especially in early to mid growing season, fail to curb knotweed growth and in fact often stimulate the production of shoots from latent buds dispersed on the root crown or rhizomes.
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
==Varieties==
==Species==
*''[[Fallopia baldschuanica]]'' Russian vine; mile-a-minute vine; China fleece vine; fleece flower; silver lace vine ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''Fallopia aubertii'', ''Polygonum baldschuanicum'', ''Polygonum aubertii''). Eastern [[Asia]].
*''[[Fallopia cilinodis]]'' fringed black bindweed (syn. ''Polygonum cilinode, Bilderdykia cilinodis''). [[North America]].
*''[[Fallopia convolvulus]]'' Black-bindweed (syn. ''Polygonum convolvulus, Bilderdykia convolvulus''). [[Europe]], Asia, northern [[Africa]].
:''F. convolvulus'' var. ''subalatum''
*''[[Fallopia cynanchoides]]'' (syn. ''Polygonum cynanchoides''). Western [[China]].
*''[[Fallopia dentatoalata]]'' (syn. ''Polygonum dentatoalatum''). Eastern Asia.
*''[[Fallopia denticulata]]'' (syn. ''Polygonum denticulatum''). Southern China.
*''[[Fallopia dumetorum]]'' copse bindweed (syn. ''Polygonum dumetorum, Bilderdykia dumetorum''). Europe, Asia, northern Africa.
*''[[Fallopia forbesii]]'' (syn. ''Polygonum forbesii''). Northern China, [[Korea]].
*''[[Fallopia japonica]]'' Japanese knotweed (syn. ''Polygonum cuspidatum'', ''Polygonum japonicum'', ''Polygonum reynoutria'', ''Reynoutria japonica''). Eastern Asia.
:''F.japonica'' var. ''compacta''
::''F.japonica'' var. ''compacta'' f. ''rosea'' Hort.
*''[[Fallopia multiflora]]'' (syn. ''Polygonum multiflorum''). Eastern Asia.
:''F. multiflora'' var. ''hypoleuca''
*''[[Fallopia polystachyum]]''.
*''[[Fallopia pterocarpa]]'' (syn. ''Polygonum pterocarpum''). Southern Asia.
*''[[Fallopia sachalinensis]]'' giant knotweed (syn. ''Polygonum sachalinense'', ''Reynoutria sachalinensis''). Eastern [[Siberia]].
*''[[Fallopia scandens]]''. North America.
Hybrids:
<!-- NB for editors: Please keep hybrid × signs outside inverted commas, otherwise they will appear italicised on certain browsers -->
Crosses between Japanese knotweed and giant knotweed have occurred where the two species grow in close proximity. The hybrid, ''Fallopia'' × ''bohemica'' (syn. ''Polygonum'' × ''bohemicum'') is known as Bohemian knotweed.
[[Fallopia × conollyana|''Fallopia'' × ''conollyana'']] (''F. baldschuanica'' × ''F. japonica'') is called railway-yard knotweed.
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
