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Gloxinia (genus) (view source)

Revision as of 21:17, 26 July 2010

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Gesneriaceae
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| name = ''Gloxinia''
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|genus=Gloxinia
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| image = Gloxinia Southern Peru.jpg
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|habit=herbaceous
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| image_caption = ''Gloxinia'' species, southern [[Peru]]
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|lifespan=perennial
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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|image=Gloxinia perennis2376578855.jpg
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| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
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|image_width=200
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| familia = [[Gesneriaceae]]
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|image_caption=Gloxinia perennis
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| genus = '''''Gloxinia'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle|L'Hér.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =  
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See text.
   
}}
 
}}
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:''If you're looking for the popular flowering houseplant known as Gloxinia, see [[Sinningia speciosa]].''
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'''''Gloxinia''''' is a [[genus]] of 3 species of [[tropical]] [[rhizomatous]] [[herb]]s in the [[flowering plant]] family [[Gesneriaceae]]. The species are primarily found in the [[Andes]] of [[South America]] but ''Gloxinia perennis'' is also found in [[Central America]] and the [[West Indies]], where it has probably escaped from cultivation.
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'''''Gloxinia''''' is a [[genus]] of three species of [[tropical]] [[rhizomatous]] [[herb]]s in the [[flowering plant]] family [[Gesneriaceae]]. The species are primarily found in the [[Andes]] of [[South America]] but ''Gloxinia perennis'' is also found in [[Central America]] and the [[West Indies]], where it has probably escaped from cultivation.
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''Gloxinia perennis'' is the original (type) species of the genus and for much of its history the genus consisted of only ''G. perennis'' and a very small number of other species.  However, most recent references on ''Gloxinia'' reflect the 1976 classification of [[Hans Wiehler]], who took a very broad view of the genus (surprisingly, because Wiehler tended to be a taxonomic splitter). A recent analysis of ''Gloxinia'' and related genera based on molecular and morphological work has determined that Wiehler's circumscription of the genus was unnatural, both phylogenetically and morphologically.  The analyses demonstrated that the genera ''[[Anodiscus]]'' and ''[[Koellikeria]]'', each with a single species, were more closely related to ''Gloxinia perennis'' than were any of the other species included in ''Gloxinia'' by Wiehler, several of which proved to be more closely related to other genera (particularly ''[[Diastema]]'', ''[[Monopyle]]'', and ''[[Phinaea]]'').  As a result of this work, most of the species have been transferred to other genera while ''[[Koellikeria]] erinoides'' and ''[[Anodiscus]] xanthophyllus'' have been transferred into a much more narrowly defined ''Gloxinia'' consisting of only three species, all of them characterized by having a [[raceme]]-like flowering stem.  The other species have been transferred to the existing genus ''[[Monopyle]]'', the resurrected genera ''[[Mandirola]]'' and ''[[Seemannia]]'', and the new genera ''[[Gloxinella]]'', ''[[Gloxiniopsis]]'', ''[[Nomopyle]]'', and ''[[Sphaerorrhiza]]''.  ''Gloxinia perennis'' forms fertile hybrids with species of ''Seemannia'', which was the primary reason for uniting the two genera.
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==Cultivation==
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''Gloxinia perennis'' is sometimes known as "Canterbury Bells" (not to be confused with members of the genus ''[[Campanula]]'', which go by the same name).
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''[[Sinningia speciosa]]'', a popular houseplant, was originally described and introduced to cultivation as ''Gloxinia speciosa'' and is still commonly known as "gloxinia".
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===Propagation===
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;Species
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*''[[Gloxinia erinoides]]'' (formerly ''Koellikeria erinoides'')
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===Pests and diseases===
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*''[[Gloxinia perennis]]''
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*''[[Gloxinia xanthophylla]]'' (formerly ''[[Anodiscus]] xanthophyllus'')
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==Species==
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*''[[Gloxinia perennis]]'' has a wide range in Central and South America.  The plant is an herb with large nodding, purple, mint-scented flowers.  It is sometimes known as "Canterbury Bells" (not to be confused with members of the genus ''[[Campanula]]'', which go by the same name).  It is cultivated in tropical regions and its original range is unknown.
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*''[[Gloxinia erinoides]]'' (syn. ''Koellikeria erinoides'') occurs from Costa Rica to Bolivia.  The plant is a small herb with tiny white and maroon flowers.  This diminutive plant is notable for having tiny but distinctly coconut-scented flowers and is occasionally cultivated as a houseplant.
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*''[[Gloxinia xanthophylla]]'' (syn. ''Anodiscus xanthophyllus'') occurs in Ecuador and Peru.  The plant is a shrubby herb with small white flowers and is rarely encountered in cultivation.  Unlike the other two species it lacks scaly rhizomes.
    
;Excluded species
 
;Excluded species
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*''Gloxinia sylvatica'' = ''[[Seemannia sylvatica]]''
 
*''Gloxinia sylvatica'' = ''[[Seemannia sylvatica]]''
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==References and external links==
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==Gallery==
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*Roalson, E.H., J.K. Boggan, L.E., Skog, & E.A. Zimmer. 2005. Untangling the Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). I. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic data sets. ''Taxon'' 54 (2): 389-410.
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<gallery perrow=5>
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*Roalson, E.H., J.K. Boggan & L.E. Skog. 2005. Reorganization of tribal and generic boundaries in the Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae: Gesnerioideae) and the description of a new tribe in the Gesnerioideae, Sphaerorrhizeae.  ''Selbyana'' 25 (2): 225-238.
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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*Wiehler, H. 1976. A report on the classification of ''Achimenes'', ''Eucodonia'', ''Gloxinia'', and ''Anetanthus'' (Gesneriaceae). ''Selbyana'' 1 (4): 374-404.
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references/>
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/genera/gloxinia.htm ''Anodiscus''], [http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/genera/gloxinia.htm ''Gloxinia''], and [http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/genera/gloxinia.htm ''Koellikeria''] from [http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/index.htm The Genera of Gesneriaceae]
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://gesneriads.ca/gendiagl.htm ''Diastema'', ''Gloxinia'', ''Phinaea'' and Related Intergenerics] from the [http://gesneriads.ca Gesneriad Reference Web]
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[[Category:Gesneriaceae]]
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{{stub}}
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