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| |familia=Oleaceae | | |familia=Oleaceae |
| |genus=Fraxinus | | |genus=Fraxinus |
| + | |common_name=Ash tree |
| + | |habit=tree |
| |Temp Metric=°F | | |Temp Metric=°F |
| |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks! | | |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks! |
− | |image=Upload.png
| + | |image=Fraxinus ornus JPG1b.jpg |
− | |image_width=240
| + | |image_width=200 |
− | }}
| + | |image_caption=Fraxinus ornus |
− | __NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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− | | name = ''Fraxinus''
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− | | common_names = Ash, Ash tree
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− | | growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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− | | high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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− | | wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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− | | origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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− | | poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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− | | lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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− | | exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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− | | water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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− | | features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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− | | hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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− | | bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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− | | usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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− | | sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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− | | color = IndianRed
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− | | image = Fraxinus excelsior.jpg | |
− | | image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --> | |
− | | image_caption = European Ash (''Fraxinus excelsior'') | |
− | | regnum = Plantae
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− | | divisio = Magnoliophyta
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− | | classis = Magnoliopsida
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− | | ordo = Lamiales
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− | | familia = Oleaceae
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− | | genus = Fraxinus
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| }} | | }} |
| + | '''''Fraxinus''''' ({{pron-en|ˈfræksɨnəs}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a [[genus]] [[flowering plant]]s in the [[olive]] and [[lilac]] family, [[Oleaceae]]. It contains 45-65 species of usually medium to large [[tree]]s, mostly [[deciduous]] though a few [[Subtropics|subtropical]] species are [[evergreen]]. The tree's common English name, '''Ash''', goes back to the [[Old English]] ''æsc'', while the generic name originated in [[Latin]]. Both words also meant "[[spear]]" in their respective languages.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC |title=Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture |editor=J. P. Mallory, Douglas Q. Adams |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=1997 |isbn=9781884964985 |page=32}}</ref> The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite (rarely in whorls of three), and mostly [[pinnate|pinnately compound]], simple in a few [[species]]. The [[seed]]s, popularly known as ''keys'' or ''helicopter seeds'', are a type of [[fruit]] known as a [[samara (fruit)|samara]]. [[Rowan]]s or Mountain Ashes are unrelated to true ashes and belong to the [[Genus]] [[Sorbus]] though the leaves and buds are superficially similar. |
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| {{Inc| | | {{Inc| |
| [[Image:Ash flower.JPG|thumb|European Ash in flower]] | | [[Image:Ash flower.JPG|thumb|European Ash in flower]] |
| [[Image:NarrowleafAsh.jpg|thumb|Narrow-leafed Ash (''Fraxinus angustifolia'') shoot with leaves]] | | [[Image:NarrowleafAsh.jpg|thumb|Narrow-leafed Ash (''Fraxinus angustifolia'') shoot with leaves]] |
− | [[Image:EurAshSeeds.jpg|thumb|Closeup of European Ash seeds]]
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− | [[Image:Koeh-062.jpg|thumb|19th century illustration of Manna Ash (''Fraxinus ornus'')]]
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| Fraxinus (ancient Latin name). Oleaceae. Ash. Interesting trees grown chiefly for their handsome pinnate leaves and some species also for the conspicuous panicles of white flowers. | | Fraxinus (ancient Latin name). Oleaceae. Ash. Interesting trees grown chiefly for their handsome pinnate leaves and some species also for the conspicuous panicles of white flowers. |
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| ==Species== | | ==Species== |
| Selected species{{wp}}: | | Selected species{{wp}}: |
− | ;Ashes of eastern [[North America]] | + | ;Eastern [[North America]] |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus americana]]'' White Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus americana]]'' <small>L.</small> – White Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus caroliniana]]'' Water Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus caroliniana]]'' <small>Mill.</small> – Carolina Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus nigra]]'' Black Ash or Swamp Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus nigra]]'' <small>Marshall</small> – Black Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus pennsylvanica]]'' Green Ash (also includes Red Ash) | + | * ''[[Fraxinus pennsylvanica]]'' <small>Marshall</small> Green Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus profunda]]'' (syn. ''F. tomentosa'') Pumpkin Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus profunda]]'' <small>(Bush) Bush</small> – Pumpkin Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus quadrangulata]]'' Blue Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus quadrangulata]]'' <small>Michx.</small> – Blue Ash |
| + | * ''[[Fraxinus tremillium]]''<small></small> – Indigo Ash |
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− | ;Ashes of western and southwestern [[North America]] | + | ;Western and southwestern [[North America]] |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus anomala]]'' Single-leaf Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus anomala]]'' <small>Torr. ex S.Watson</small> – Singleleaf Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus cuspidata]]'' Fragrant Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus berlandieriana]]'' <small>DC.</small> – Mexican Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus dipetala]]'' Two-petal Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus cuspidata]]'' <small>Torr.</small> – Fragrant Ash |
| + | * ''[[Fraxinus dipetala]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small> – California Ash or Two-petal Ash |
| * ''[[Fraxinus dubia]]'' | | * ''[[Fraxinus dubia]]'' |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus gooddingii]]'' Goodding's Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus gooddingii]]''<small></small> – Goodding's Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus greggii]]'' Gregg's Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus greggii]]'' <small>A.Gray</small> – Gregg's Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus latifolia]]'' Oregon Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus latifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small> – Oregon Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus lowellii]]'' Lowell Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus lowellii]]''<small></small> – Lowell Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus papillosa]]'' Chihuahua Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus papillosa]]'' <small>Lingelsh.</small> – Chihuahua Ash |
| * ''[[Fraxinus purpusii]]'' | | * ''[[Fraxinus purpusii]]'' |
| * ''[[Fraxinus rufescens]]'' | | * ''[[Fraxinus rufescens]]'' |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus texensis]]'' Mountain Ash or Texas Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus texensis]]'' <small>(A.Gray) Sarg.</small> – Texas Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus uhdei]]'' Shamel Ash or Tropical Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus uhdei]]'' <small>(Wenz.) Lingelsh.</small> – Shamel Ash or Tropical Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus velutina]]'' Velvet Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus velutina]]'' <small>Torr.</small> – Velvet Ash |
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− | ;Ashes of the Western [[Palearctic]] ([[Europe]], north [[Africa]] and southwest [[Asia]]) | + | ;Western [[Palearctic]] ([[Europe]], [[north Africa]] and [[Western Asia|southwest Asia]]) |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus angustifolia]]'' Narrow-leafed Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus angustifolia]]'' <small>Vahl</small> – Narrow-leafed Ash or Caucasian Ash |
− | ** ''[[Fraxinus angustifolia]]'' var. ''oxycarpa'' (syn. ''F. oxycarpa'') Caucasian Ash | + | ** ''[[Fraxinus angustifolia]]'' subsp. ''oxycarpa''<small></small> – [[Claret Ash]] or Raywood Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus excelsior]]'' European Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus dimorpha]]'' |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus holotricha]]'' | + | * ''[[Fraxinus excelsior]]'' <small>L.</small> – European Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus ornus]]'' Manna Ash or Flowering Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus holotricha]]'' <small>Koehne</small> |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus pallisiae]]'' Pallis' Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus ornus]]'' <small>L.</small> – Manna Ash or Flowering Ash |
| + | * ''[[Fraxinus syriaca]]'' |
| + | * ''[[Fraxinus pallisiae]]'' <small>Wilmott</small> – Pallis' Ash |
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− | ;Ashes of the Eastern [[Palearctic]] (central & eastern [[Asia]]) | + | ;Eastern [[Palearctic]] ([[Central Asia|central]] and [[east Asia]]) |
| * ''[[Fraxinus apertisquamifera]]'' | | * ''[[Fraxinus apertisquamifera]]'' |
| * ''[[Fraxinus baroniana]]'' | | * ''[[Fraxinus baroniana]]'' |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus bungeana]]'' Bunge's Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus bungeana]]'' <small>DC.</small> – Bunge's Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus chinensis]]'' Chinese Ash or Korean Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus chinensis]]'' <small>Roxb.</small> – Chinese Ash or Korean Ash |
| * ''[[Fraxinus chiisanensis]]'' | | * ''[[Fraxinus chiisanensis]]'' |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus floribunda]]'' Himalayan Manna Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus floribunda]]'' <small>Wall.</small> – Himalayan Manna Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus griffithii]]'' Griffith's Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus griffithii]]''<small>C.B.Clarke</small> – Griffith's Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus hubeiensis]] '' | + | * ''[[Fraxinus hubeiensis]]'' |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus lanuginosa]] '' | + | * ''[[Fraxinus japonica]]''<small></small> – Japanese Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus longicuspis]]'' Japanese Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus lanuginosa]]'' |
| + | * ''[[Fraxinus longicuspis]]'' |
| * ''[[Fraxinus malacophylla]]'' | | * ''[[Fraxinus malacophylla]]'' |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus mandshurica]]'' Manchurian Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus mandschurica]]'' <small>Rupr.</small> – Manchurian Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus mariesii]]'' Chinese Flowering Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus mariesii]]''<small></small> – Maries' Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus micrantha]] '' | + | * ''[[Fraxinus micrantha]]'' <small>Lingelsh.</small> |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus paxiana]] '' | + | * ''[[Fraxinus paxiana]]'' <small>Lingelsh.</small> |
| * ''[[Fraxinus platypoda]]'' | | * ''[[Fraxinus platypoda]]'' |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus raibocarpa]]'' | + | * ''[[Fraxinus raibocarpa]]'' <small>Regel</small> |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus sieboldiana]]'' Japanese Flowering Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus sieboldiana]]'' <small>Blume</small> – Japanese Flowering Ash |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus spaethiana]]'' Späth's Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus spaethiana]]'' <small>Lingelsh.</small> – Späth's Ash |
| * ''[[Fraxinus trifoliata]]'' | | * ''[[Fraxinus trifoliata]]'' |
− | * ''[[Fraxinus xanthoxyloides]]'' Afghan Ash | + | * ''[[Fraxinus xanthoxyloides]]'' <small>(G.Don) Wall. ex DC.</small> – Afghan Ash<ref name="GRINspecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?4752 |title=Species Records of ''Fraxinus'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-02-22}}</ref><ref name="ITIS">{{cite web |url=http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=32928 |title=''Fraxinus'' L. |work=ITIS Standard Reports |publisher=Integrated Taxonomic Information System |accessdate=2010-02-22}}</ref> |
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| {{Inc| | | {{Inc| |
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| <gallery> | | <gallery> |
− | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 | + | Image:EurAshSeeds.jpg|Closeup of European Ash seeds |
− | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 | + | Image:Koeh-062.jpg|19th century illustration of Manna Ash (''Fraxinus ornus'') |
| Image:Upload.png| photo 3 | | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 |
| </gallery> | | </gallery> |
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| *{{wplink}} | | *{{wplink}} |
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− | {{stub}}
| + | __NOTOC__ |
− | [[Category:Categorize]]
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− | <!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! -->
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