Changes

{{SPlantbox

{{SPlantbox

|familia=Aceraceae

|familia=Aceraceae

|genus=Acer  

|genus=Acer

|species=platanoides

|species=platanoides

|common_name=Norway maple

|common_name=Norway maple

|Max wd metric=ft

|Max wd metric=ft

|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|lifespan=perennial

|lifespan=perennial

|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|exposure=sun

|exposure=sun

|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|features=flowers

|features=deciduous

|flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring

|flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring

|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|max_zone=8

|max_zone=8

|image=Upload.png

|image=Spitz-Ahorn(mbo).jpg.JPG

|image_width=240

|image_width=240

}}

}}

'''''Acer platanoides''''' ('''Norway Maple''') is a species of [[maple]] native to eastern and central [[Europe]] and southwest [[Asia]], from [[France]] east to [[Russia]], north to southern [[Scandinavia]] and southeast to northern [[Iran]].<ref>[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Acer&SPECIES_XREF=platanoides&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Acer platanoides'' distribution ]</ref> <ref>[http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/acera/acer/acerplav.jpg Den virtuella floran: ''Acer platanoides'' distribution]</ref>

| name = ''Acer platanoides''

 

It is a [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to 20–30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter, and a broad, rounded [[crown (botany)|crown]]. The [[bark]] is grey-brown and shallowly grooved; unlike many other maples, mature trees do not tend to develop a shaggy bark. The shoots are green at first, soon becoming pale brown; the winter buds are shiny red-brown. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, [[leaf shape|palmately]] lobed with five lobes, 7–14 cm long and 8–20 cm (rarely 25 cm) across; the lobes each bear one to three side teeth, and an otherwise smooth margin. The leaf [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] is 8–20 cm long, and secretes a milky juice when broken. The autumn colour is usually yellow, occasionally orange-red. The [[flower]]s are in [[corymb]]s of 15–30 together, yellow to yellow-green with five sepals and five petals 3–4 mm long; flowering occurs in early spring before the new leaves emerge. The [[fruit]] is a double [[Samara (fruit)|samara]] with two winged [[seed]]s; the seeds are disc-shaped, strongly flattened, 10–15 mm across and 3 mm thick. The wings are 3–5 cm long, widely spread, approaching a 180° angle. It typically produces a large quantity of viable seeds. It is not particularly a long-lived tree, with a maximum age of around 250 years.<ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref><ref name=afm>Mitchell, A. F. (1974). ''A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-212035-6</ref><ref name=afm2>Mitchell, A. F. (1982). ''The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0</ref><ref name=nba>Norwegian Botanical Association: [http://www.toyen.uio.no/botanisk/nbf/plantefoto/Acer_platanoides.htm ''Acer platanoides'' photos]</ref>

| growth_habit = deciduous tree

 

| high = 20-30 m

Many [[cultivar]]s have been selected, with distinctive leaf shape or coloration such as the dark purple of 'Crimson King' and 'Schwedleri', the variegated leaves of 'Drummondii' and 'Emerald Queen', and the deeply divided, feathery leaves of 'Dissectum' and 'Lorbergii'. The purple-foliage cultivars have orange to red autumn colour. 'Columnare' is selected for its narrow upright growth.<ref name=afm/><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>

| wide = 1-1.5 m trunk diameter

 

| origin = [[Europe]], W Asia

It has been widely placed into cultivation in other areas, including western Europe northwest of its native range. It grows north of the [[Arctic Circle]] at [[Tromsø]], [[Norway]]. In [[North America]], it is grown as a street and shade tree. It is favoured due to its tall trunk and tolerance of poor, compacted [[soil]]s and urban [[pollution]].

| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->

 

| lifespan = perennial

==As an Invasive Species in North America==

| exposure =    <!--- sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->

Unfortunately, despite its good looks and urban hardiness,  it releases chemicals to discourage undergrowth<ref>http://www.toronto.ca/trees/pdfs/Fact_3_Controlling_Invasive_Plants.pdf</ref> which tends to create bare, muddy run-off conditions immediately under the tree. ''A. platanoides'' has been shown to inhibit the growth of native saplings as a canopy tree or as a sapling.<ref> {{cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01337.x | author = Shannon L.  Galbraith-Kent and Steven N. Handel | journal = Journal of Ecology | title = Invasive ''Acer platanoides'' inhibits native sapling growth in forest understorey communities | volume = 96 | pages = 293–302 | issue=2| year = 2008}}</ref> As a result of these characteristics it is considered [[invasive species|invasive]] in some states<ref>{{cite web | title=Norway Maple | url=http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/acpl.htm | author=Swearingen, J., Reshetiloff, K., Slattery, B., & Zwicker, S. | year=2002 | work=Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas | publisher=National Park Service and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service}}</ref> and has been banned in [[New Hampshire]] and [[Massachusetts]].<ref> {{cite web | url = http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/2901/2901-1059/2901-1059.html | author = Carol Ness | publisher = Virginia Cooperative Extension | title = Norway Maple}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wickedlocal.com/danvers/fun/gardening/x546950923 | title = Invasive plants: Old standards get bad name | author = Sally Kerans | publisher = Danvers Herald | date = May 31, 2007}}</ref> Norway Maple is one of three species that [[Meijer]] Garden Centers no longer sell; Meijer made this decision due to the tree's invasive nature.<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/ohio/press/press4009.html | author = The Nature Conservancy | title = The Nature Conservancy and Meijer Encourage Non-Invasive Plants | publisher = The Nature Conservancy}}</ref> Despite these steps, Norway Maple is still available and widely used for urban plantings in many areas.

| water =     <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->

 

| features =     <!--- flowers, fragrance, naturalizes, invasive -->

| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, -50[[Celsius|°C]]), etc -->

| bloom =     <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for it's flowers -->

| usda_zones =     <!--- eg. 8-11 -->

| sunset_zones = 1-9, 14-17, 30-43

| color = IndianRed

| image = Upload.png  <!--- Freesia.jpg -->

| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->

| image_caption =     <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->

|regnum = Plantae

|unranked_divisio = Angiosperms

|unranked_classis = Eudicots

|unranked_ordo = Rosids

|ordo = Sapindales

|familia = Sapindaceae

|genus = Acer

|species = platanoides

}}

{{Inc|

{{Inc|

Acer platanoides, Linn. Norway Maple. Fig. 92. Large tree, to 100 ft.: lvs. 5-lobed, cordate at base, glabrous, light green and lustrous beneath, lobes pointed, remotely dentate with pointed teeth: corymbs glabrous; fls. yellowish green: fr. glabrous, with horizontally spreading wings. Eu., Caucasus. H.W. 3:45. Pax 49. Gt. 42, p. 561,584,585.—Large, handsome tree, with round, spreading head, resembling somewhat A. saccharum. The lvs. turn pale yellow in autumn. Many garden forms, some of which are here arranged in two groups, the first being remarkable for the manner in which the lvs. are cut and for the habit; the second being chiefly remarkable for their coloring{{SCH}}:

Acer platanoides, Linn. Norway Maple. Large tree, to 100 ft.: lvs. 5-lobed, cordate at base, glabrous, light green and lustrous beneath, lobes pointed, remotely dentate with pointed teeth: corymbs glabrous; fls. yellowish green: fr. glabrous, with horizontally spreading wings. Eu., Caucasus. —Large, handsome tree, with round, spreading head, resembling somewhat A. saccharum. The lvs. turn pale yellow in autumn. Many garden forms, some of which are here arranged in two groups, the first being remarkable for the manner in which the lvs. are cut and for the habit; the second being chiefly remarkable for their coloring{{SCH}}:

 

(2) Var. albovariegatum, Nichols. Lvs. with large white blotches. Var. aureomarginatum, Pax. Lvs. with yellow margin, somewhat irregularly lobed. Var. rubrum, Herd. (var. Reitenbachii, Nichols.). Lvs. greenish red when unfolding, turning dark blood-red in late summer. Gt. 16: 545. B.H. 18:39. Var. Geneva, Ellwanger & Barry, is probably not much different. Var. Schwedleri, Koch. Lvs. bright red when young, changing to dark green. G.C. II. 15:565. Var. Stollii, Spaeth. More upright-growing: lvs. usually 3-lobed, with entire lobes, purple when unfolding, later dark green. Gt. 42. p. 585. Var. Wittmackii, Schwerin. Lvs. usually 3-lobed, with an irregularly dentate and undulate yellow margin, reddish brown when unfolding, later bright green with most of the tips transformed into peculiar reddish brown appendages becoming, finally, dark green. Gt. 52:1516. Var. Drummondii, Drumm. Lvs. green with white margin, red when unfolding. {{SCH}}

(1) Var. cucullatum, Nichols. Lvs. irregularly and shortly lobed, crimped, light green. Var. dissectum, Jacq. Similar to var. Lorbergii, but with darker foliage and of slower growth. Var. globosum, Nichols. Forming a globose head. Var. laciniatum, Ait. Lvs. irregularly divided, the divisions bending downward: growth upright. Var. Lorbergii, Van Houtte. Lvs. divided nearly to the base, divisions deeply lobed. Var. columnare,Carr. Habit columnar.{{SCH}}

}}

}}

==Cultivation==

==Cultivation==

{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->

{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->

===Pests and diseases===

===Pests and diseases===

{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->

Norway Maple itself is threatened in a few areas by the [[Asian long-horned beetle]], which eats through the trunk of trees, often killing them.

 

A number of species of [[Lepidoptera]] feed on Norway Maple foliage; see [[List of Lepidoptera that feed on maples|Lepidoptera that feed on maples]]. Norway Maple is generally free of serious diseases, though can be attacked by the [[powdery mildew]] ''Uncinula bicornis'', and [[verticillium|verticillium wilt]] disease caused by ''Verticillium'' spp.<ref name=pb>Phillips, D. H., & Burdekin, D. A. (1992). ''Diseases of Forest and Ornamental Trees''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-49493-8.</ref>

==Cultivars==

==Cultivars==

*'Cavalier'

*'Cavalier'

*'Cleveland' and 'Cleveland II'

*'Cleveland' and 'Cleveland II'

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