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Adenia (view source)

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
 
|familia=Passifloraceae
 
|familia=Passifloraceae
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|genus=Adenia  
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|genus=Adenia
 
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|Temp Metric=°F
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Wuestenkohlrabi.jpg
 
|image_width=240
 
|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Adenia pechuelii
 
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{{Taxobox
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'''''Adenia''''' is a genus in the passionflower family Passifloraceae. The genus includes a number of tropical and subtropical xerophytes; many of which form substantially thickened bases or [[liana]]s. It is also a [[Caudiciform]]. Many species are characterised by the extreme toxicity of the [[sap]].  In addition to [[cyanogenic]] compounds, these contain [[lectins]] which destroy [[ribosomes]], hence prevent protein synthesis.  This is the same mode of action as [[ricin]], and the toxicities are comparable.  A. volkensii was shown to be intensely toxic by Barbieri (1984).  Pelosi et al. (2005) compared ten species, and found 3 (A. stenodactyla, A. goezii and A. lanceolata) which were inhibitory at <0.1&nbsp;ng/ml and lethal to mice at <2&nbsp;ug/kg, making them among the most potent plant toxins known.
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Adenia''
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==Cultivation==
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| image = Wuestenkohlrabi.jpg
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|image_caption =''[[Adenia pechuelii]]''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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===Propagation===
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| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
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===Pests and diseases===
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| familia = [[Passifloraceae]]
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| genus = '''''Adenia'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Peter Forsskål|Forssk.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =  
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See text.
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}}
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'''''Adenia''''' is a genus in the passionflower family Passifloraceae.
      
==Species and varieties==
 
==Species and varieties==
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*''Adenia aculeata'' Engl.
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*''[[Adenia aculeata]]'' Engl.
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*''Adenia cissampeloides'' (Planch. ex Hook.) Harms
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*''[[Adenia cissampeloides]]'' (Planch. ex Hook.) Harms
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*''Adenia cladosepala'' (Baker) Harms
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*''[[Adenia cladosepala]]'' (Baker) Harms
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*''Adenia digitata'' Engl.
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*''[[Adenia digitata]]'' Engl.
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*''Adenia ellenbeckii'' Harms
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*''[[Adenia ellenbeckii]]'' Harms
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*''A. fruticosa
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*''[[Adenia firingalavense]]'' (Drake ex Jum.) harms
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*''Adenia firingalavense'' (Drake ex Jum.) harms
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*''[[Adenia formosana]]'' Hayata
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*''Adenia glauca'' Schinz
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*''[[Adenia fruticosa]]''
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*''Adenia globosa'' Engl.
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*''[[Adenia glauca]]'' Schinz
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*''A. goetzii
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*''[[Adenia globosa]]'' Engl.
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*''Adenia keramanthus'' Harms.
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*''[[Adenia goetzii]]''
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*''A. lanceolata
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*''[[Adenia keramanthus]]'' Harms.
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*''Adenia lobata'' (Jacq.) Engl.
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*''[[Adenia lanceolata]]''
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*''Adenia olaboensis'' Claverie
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*''[[Adenia lobata]]'' (Jacq.) Engl.
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*''Adenia pechuelii'' Harms
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*''[[Adenia olaboensis]]'' Claverie
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*''A. racemosa
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*''[[Adenia pechuelii]]'' Harms
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*''Adenia spinosa'' Burtt Davy
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*''[[Adenia racemosa]]''
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*''A. stenodactyla
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*''[[Adenia spinosa]]'' Burtt Davy
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*''Adenia venenata'' Forssk.
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*''[[Adenia stenodactyla]]''
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*''Adenia volkensii'' Harms
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*''[[Adenia venenata]]'' Forssk.
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*''[[Adenia volkensii]]'' Harms
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This unobtrusive genus should be better known for the extreme toxicity of the [[sap]], especially in those forming a perennial swollen base (a [[caudex]], hence the caudiciform species). In addition to [[cyanogenic]] compounds, these contain [[lectins]] which destroy [[ribosomes]], hence prevent protein synthesis. This is the same mode of action as [[ricin]], and the toxicities are comparable. A. volkensii was shown to be intensely toxic by Barbieri (1984). Pelosi et al (2005) compared ten species, and found 3 (A. stenodactyla, A. goezii and A. lanceolata) which were inhibitory at <0.1 ng/ml and lethal to mice at <2ug/kg, making them among the most potent plant toxins known.
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synonyms =
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*''Blepharanthes'' <small>[[Sm.]]</small>, nom. inval.
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*''Clemanthus'' <small>[[Klotzsch]]</small>
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*''Echinothamnus'' <small>[[Engl.]]</small>
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*''Erythrocarpus'' <small>[[M.Roem.]]</small>
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*''Jaeggia'' <small>[[Schinz]]</small>
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*''Keramanthus'' <small>[[Hook.f.]]</small>
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*''Kolbia'' <small>[[P.Beauv.]]</small>
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*''Machadoa'' <small>[[Welw.]] ex [[Hook.f.]]</small>
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*''Microblepharis'' <small>([[Wight]] & [[Arn.]]) [[M.Roem.]]</small>
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*''Modecca'' <small>[[Lam.]]</small>
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*''Ophiocaulon'' <small>[[Hook.f.]]</small>
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*''Paschanthus'' <small>[[Burch.]]</small>
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==External links==
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==Gallery==
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*[http://www.ipni.org/index.html International Plant Names Index]
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<gallery perrow=5>
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*[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Passifloraceae/Adenia.html ''Adenia'' spp.]
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Image:Adenia fruticosa - Atlanta Botanical Garden.JPG|''Adenia fruticosa''
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*[http://www.botany.com/adenia.html ''Adenia'' spp.]
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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Luigi Barbieri, Anna Ida Falasca and Fiorenzo Stirpe (1984)
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<references/>
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Volkensin, the toxin of Adenia volkensii (kilyambiti plant) •
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
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FEBS Letters, Volume 171, Issue 2, 11 June 1984, Pages 277-279
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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Emanuele Pelosi, Chiara Lubelli, Letizia Polito, Luigi Barbieri, Andrea Bolognesi and Fiorenzo Stirpe (2005).
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==External links==
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Ribosome-inactivating proteins and other lectins from Adenia (Passifloraceae)  •
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*{{wplink}}
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Toxicon, Volume 46, Issue 6, November 2005, Pages 658-663
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[[Category:Passifloraceae]]
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{{Malpighiales-stub}}
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__
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