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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Zantedeschia''
| image = Zantedeschia - Calla Lilly2.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Zantedeschia elliottiana]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Alismatales]]
| familia = [[Araceae]]
| genus = '''''Zantedeschia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Karl Koch (botanist)|K.Koch]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
}}
[[Image:Zantedeschia - Calla Lilly1.jpg|right|thumb|240px|''Zantedeschia elliottiana'' sp.]]
[[Image:Calla lily.jpg|left|thumb|180px|''Zantedeschia aethiopica'']]
'''''Zantedeschia''''' is a genus of twenty-eight species of [[herbaceous]] [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Araceae]], native to southern [[Africa]] from [[South Africa]] north to [[Malawi]]. The name of the genus was given as a tribute to Italian botanist [[Giovanni Zantedeschi]] ([[1773]]-[[1846]]) by the German botanist [[Kurt Sprengel]] ([[1766]] - [[1833]]). Common names include '''Arum lily''' for ''Z. aethiopica'', '''calla''', and '''calla lily''' for ''Z. elliottiana'' and ''Z. rehmannii'' although it is neither a true [[lily]] ([[Liliaceae]]), nor ''[[Arum]]'' or ''[[Calla]]'' (related genera in [[Araceae]]). It is also often erroneously spelled as "cala lily". It has often been used in many paintings, and is visible in many of Diego Rivera's works of art (see The Flower Vendor, amongst others).
The ''Zantedeschia'' are [[rhizome|rhizomatous]] [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]]s growing to 1-2.5 m tall with [[leaf|leaves]] 15-45 cm long. The inflorescence is a showy white, yellow or pink spathe shaped like a funnel with a yellow, central, finger-like spadix.<ref>Botanicas Annuals & Perennils, Random House, Sydney, 2005, ISBN 0091838096 pp. 938</ref>
The ''Zantedeschia'' species are very poisonous, capable of killing livestock and children. "All parts of the plant are toxic, and produce irritation and swelling of the mouth and throat, acute vomiting and diarrhoea." <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Sheets/herbs/H%20Arum%20lily.htm |title=Arum or calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica ) |accessdate=2007-11-18 |author=Miles, Jackie |date=2002-09-12 |work=South Coast Weeds |publisher=Eurobodalla Shire Council}}</ref>
== Species ==
*''[[Zantedeschia aethiopica]]'' - giant white arum lily or common arum lily
*''[[Zantedeschia odorata]]''
*''[[Zantedeschia albomaculata]]'' - spotted arum lily
*''[[Zantedeschia elliottiana]]'' - yellow or golden arum lily
*''[[Zantedeschia jucunda]]''
*''[[Zantedeschia pentlandii]]''
*''[[Zantedeschia rehmannii]]'' - pink arum lily
== Cultivation ==
All species are endemic to southern Africa. ''Z. aethiopica'' grows naturally in marshy areas and is only [[deciduous]] when water becomes scarce. It grows continuously when watered and fed regularly and can survive periods of minor frosts. ''Z. aethiopica'' is a very strong and sturdy plant, being able to grow in many soils and habitats, multiplying by rhizome-offsets; it is naturalised and regarded as a weed throughout much of the world. ''Z. odorata'' is a rare species, resembling ''Z. aethiopica'', but deciduous and smelling like [[freesia]], endemic to a few localities in South Africa. ''Z. albomaculata'' is a widespread and variable species, growing from South Africa north to [[Kenya]], varying in shades of white to cream and pink to orange-shades. ''Z. elliotiana'' is known from horticultural sources only and is probably of hybrid origin. ''Z. jucunda'' and ''Z. pentlandii'' are rare species with beautiful large yellow showy flowers. ''Z. rehmannii'' is a pink-flowered species with sword shaped leaves.
All zantedeschias produce large, showy flowers [[spadix|spathes]] and are often grown both as [[ornamental plant]]s and for cut flowers.
''Zantedeschia'' are hardy plants, but some are more winter-hardy than others. The white ''Zantedeschia aethiopica'' and some of its relatives can survive at minimum winter temperatures below -23 °C ([[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [[USDA_Plant_Hardiness_Zones|Zone 6]]) and many others can be grown in even warmer areas where all the ground does not freeze ([[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [[USDA_Plant_Hardiness_Zones|Zone 7]]). Some species are less hardy and can only survive winter temperatures to -12 °C ([[USDA_Plant_Hardiness_Zones|Zones 8]]). This plant must be grown as tender [[bulb]]s or [[houseplant]]s in cooler areas.
In [[Southwest Australia| the South-West of Western Australia]], ''Z. aethiopica'' was introduced for horticulture. It has become a widespread and conspicuous weed of watercourses, heath, and wetter pastures.
The so-called white calla is derived from ''Z. aethiopica''. All varieties with flowers with shades of yellow, orange, red, purple are mainly derived from ''Z. albomaculata'', ''Z. pentlandii'' and ''Z. rehmanni''.
==External links==
{{commons|Zantedeschia|Zantedeschia}}
* [http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantwxyz/zantedeschaeth.htm PlantZAfrica page on Zantedeschia]
* http://www.botany.com/zantedeschia.html
* http://www.ext.vt.edu/departments/envirohort/factsheets/cut/callali.html
* http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/acc_num/198500186.html
* http://www.goldenstatebulb.com/pages/callapics1.html
* Snijder, R.C. 2004. Genetics of Erwinia resistance in Zantedeschia: impact of plastome-genome incompatibility. PhD thesis Wageningen University. ISBN 90-5808-975-4 - p. 112. full-text copy: http://www.library.wur.nl/wda/dissertations/dis3535.pdf
==References==
<div class="references-small">
*{{cite book
| last = Hussey
| first = BMJ
| coauthors = Keighery GJ, Cousens RD, Dodd J, Lloyd SG
| title = Western Weeds: A Guide to the Weeds of Western Australia
| publisher = Plant Protection Society of WA
| date = 1997
| location = Perth
| pages =
| isbn = 0 646 32440 3}}
<references/>
</div>
[[Category:Araceae]]
[[Category:Horticulture]]
[[Category:Flowers]]
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Zantedeschia''
| image = Zantedeschia - Calla Lilly2.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Zantedeschia elliottiana]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Alismatales]]
| familia = [[Araceae]]
| genus = '''''Zantedeschia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Karl Koch (botanist)|K.Koch]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
}}
[[Image:Zantedeschia - Calla Lilly1.jpg|right|thumb|240px|''Zantedeschia elliottiana'' sp.]]
[[Image:Calla lily.jpg|left|thumb|180px|''Zantedeschia aethiopica'']]
'''''Zantedeschia''''' is a genus of twenty-eight species of [[herbaceous]] [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Araceae]], native to southern [[Africa]] from [[South Africa]] north to [[Malawi]]. The name of the genus was given as a tribute to Italian botanist [[Giovanni Zantedeschi]] ([[1773]]-[[1846]]) by the German botanist [[Kurt Sprengel]] ([[1766]] - [[1833]]). Common names include '''Arum lily''' for ''Z. aethiopica'', '''calla''', and '''calla lily''' for ''Z. elliottiana'' and ''Z. rehmannii'' although it is neither a true [[lily]] ([[Liliaceae]]), nor ''[[Arum]]'' or ''[[Calla]]'' (related genera in [[Araceae]]). It is also often erroneously spelled as "cala lily". It has often been used in many paintings, and is visible in many of Diego Rivera's works of art (see The Flower Vendor, amongst others).
The ''Zantedeschia'' are [[rhizome|rhizomatous]] [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plant]]s growing to 1-2.5 m tall with [[leaf|leaves]] 15-45 cm long. The inflorescence is a showy white, yellow or pink spathe shaped like a funnel with a yellow, central, finger-like spadix.<ref>Botanicas Annuals & Perennils, Random House, Sydney, 2005, ISBN 0091838096 pp. 938</ref>
The ''Zantedeschia'' species are very poisonous, capable of killing livestock and children. "All parts of the plant are toxic, and produce irritation and swelling of the mouth and throat, acute vomiting and diarrhoea." <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esc.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Sheets/herbs/H%20Arum%20lily.htm |title=Arum or calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica ) |accessdate=2007-11-18 |author=Miles, Jackie |date=2002-09-12 |work=South Coast Weeds |publisher=Eurobodalla Shire Council}}</ref>
== Species ==
*''[[Zantedeschia aethiopica]]'' - giant white arum lily or common arum lily
*''[[Zantedeschia odorata]]''
*''[[Zantedeschia albomaculata]]'' - spotted arum lily
*''[[Zantedeschia elliottiana]]'' - yellow or golden arum lily
*''[[Zantedeschia jucunda]]''
*''[[Zantedeschia pentlandii]]''
*''[[Zantedeschia rehmannii]]'' - pink arum lily
== Cultivation ==
All species are endemic to southern Africa. ''Z. aethiopica'' grows naturally in marshy areas and is only [[deciduous]] when water becomes scarce. It grows continuously when watered and fed regularly and can survive periods of minor frosts. ''Z. aethiopica'' is a very strong and sturdy plant, being able to grow in many soils and habitats, multiplying by rhizome-offsets; it is naturalised and regarded as a weed throughout much of the world. ''Z. odorata'' is a rare species, resembling ''Z. aethiopica'', but deciduous and smelling like [[freesia]], endemic to a few localities in South Africa. ''Z. albomaculata'' is a widespread and variable species, growing from South Africa north to [[Kenya]], varying in shades of white to cream and pink to orange-shades. ''Z. elliotiana'' is known from horticultural sources only and is probably of hybrid origin. ''Z. jucunda'' and ''Z. pentlandii'' are rare species with beautiful large yellow showy flowers. ''Z. rehmannii'' is a pink-flowered species with sword shaped leaves.
All zantedeschias produce large, showy flowers [[spadix|spathes]] and are often grown both as [[ornamental plant]]s and for cut flowers.
''Zantedeschia'' are hardy plants, but some are more winter-hardy than others. The white ''Zantedeschia aethiopica'' and some of its relatives can survive at minimum winter temperatures below -23 °C ([[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [[USDA_Plant_Hardiness_Zones|Zone 6]]) and many others can be grown in even warmer areas where all the ground does not freeze ([[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [[USDA_Plant_Hardiness_Zones|Zone 7]]). Some species are less hardy and can only survive winter temperatures to -12 °C ([[USDA_Plant_Hardiness_Zones|Zones 8]]). This plant must be grown as tender [[bulb]]s or [[houseplant]]s in cooler areas.
In [[Southwest Australia| the South-West of Western Australia]], ''Z. aethiopica'' was introduced for horticulture. It has become a widespread and conspicuous weed of watercourses, heath, and wetter pastures.
The so-called white calla is derived from ''Z. aethiopica''. All varieties with flowers with shades of yellow, orange, red, purple are mainly derived from ''Z. albomaculata'', ''Z. pentlandii'' and ''Z. rehmanni''.
==External links==
{{commons|Zantedeschia|Zantedeschia}}
* [http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantwxyz/zantedeschaeth.htm PlantZAfrica page on Zantedeschia]
* http://www.botany.com/zantedeschia.html
* http://www.ext.vt.edu/departments/envirohort/factsheets/cut/callali.html
* http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/acc_num/198500186.html
* http://www.goldenstatebulb.com/pages/callapics1.html
* Snijder, R.C. 2004. Genetics of Erwinia resistance in Zantedeschia: impact of plastome-genome incompatibility. PhD thesis Wageningen University. ISBN 90-5808-975-4 - p. 112. full-text copy: http://www.library.wur.nl/wda/dissertations/dis3535.pdf
==References==
<div class="references-small">
*{{cite book
| last = Hussey
| first = BMJ
| coauthors = Keighery GJ, Cousens RD, Dodd J, Lloyd SG
| title = Western Weeds: A Guide to the Weeds of Western Australia
| publisher = Plant Protection Society of WA
| date = 1997
| location = Perth
| pages =
| isbn = 0 646 32440 3}}
<references/>
</div>
[[Category:Araceae]]
[[Category:Horticulture]]
[[Category:Flowers]]
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
