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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|genus=Bactris
|familia=Arecaceae
|genus=Bactris
|species=major
|species=major
|common_name=Black roseau, Kawmaka, Prickly palm
|habit=palm-cycad
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|Max ht box=15
|Max ht metric=m
|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|origin=Surinam
|origin_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|lifespan=perennial
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|features=evergreen
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|min_zone=11
|image=Upload.png
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|max_zone=12
|image=Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) 11.jpg
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
}}
}}
'''''Bactris major''''' is a small to medium sized (1–10 m tall) [[spine (botany)|spiny]] [[Arecaceae|palm]] which ranges from [[Mexico]], through [[Central America]] into northern [[South America]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad]].<ref name = Henderson>{{cite book |last=Henderson |first=Andrew |authorlink= Andrew Henderson (botanist)|coauthors=[[Gloria Galeano]]; [[Rodrigo Bernal]]|title=Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas |year=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey| isbn= 0-691-08537-4 }}</ref><ref name=Kew>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18943&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=18943&status=true |title= ''Bactris major''|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work= [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref> The species is divided into three<ref name=Kew/> or four<ref name = Henderson/> varieties, although the boundaries between varieties is not always clearly defined.<ref name = Henderson/>
The fruits are eaten or used to flavour drinks.<ref name = Henderson/>
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Bactris major, Jacq. Beach Palm. St. 9-15 ft. high, 1-1½ in. diam., armed with rows of black spines 2 in. long: petiole armed with very long black, terete spines; Lvs. 4-6 ft. long, equally pinnatisect nearly to the rachis; sheath and rachis spiny and white or brown tomentose; segms. linear, acute at both ends, 25-35 on each side, 1-nerved, 8-12 in. long, ⅓-½ in. wide, glabrous on both sides, densely setose, with black hairs along the margin.: frs. about the size of an apricot, edible. Brazil.
Bactris major, Jacq. Beach Palm. St. 9-15 ft. high, 1-1½ in. diam., armed with rows of black spines 2 in. long: petiole armed with very long black, terete spines; Lvs. 4-6 ft. long, equally pinnatisect nearly to the rachis; sheath and rachis spiny and white or brown tomentose; segms. linear, acute at both ends, 25-35 on each side, 1-nerved, 8-12 in. long, ⅓-½ in. wide, glabrous on both sides, densely setose, with black hairs along the margin.: frs. about the size of an apricot, edible. Brazil.
==Varieties==
==Varieties==
[[Rafaël Govaerts]] recognised three varieties:
* ''Bactris major'' var. ''major''<ref name = var1>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18945&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=18945&status=true |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''major''|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work= [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>
* ''Bactris major'' var. ''infesta'' (Mart.) Drude<ref name = var2>{{cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18944&repSynonym_id=18905&name_id=18944&status=true |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''infesta'' (Mart.) Drude|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work= [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>
* ''Bactris major'' var. ''socialis'' (Mart.) Drude<ref name = var3>{{cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18947&repSynonym_id=19065&name_id=18947&status=true |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''socialis'' (Mart.) Drude|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work= [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>
[[Andrew Henderson (botanist)|Andrew Henderson]] and co-authors recognised a fourth variety, ''Bactris major'' var. ''megalocarpa'' (Trail ex Thurn) [[Andrew Henderson (botanist)|A.J.Hend.]],<ref name = Henderson/> but Govaerts considered this to be a synonym of ''Bactris major'' var. ''major''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=18945&repSynonym_id=18962&name_id=18946&status=false |title= ''Bactris major'' var. ''megalocarpa'' (Trail ex Thurn) A.J.Hend.|accessdate=2007-09-08 |format= |work= [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref>
Synonyms:<br>
''Bactris ovata'' Stokes ([[nom. illeg.]])</small>,
''Augustinea major'' (Jacq.) H.Karst.</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis major'' (Jacq.) H.Karst.</small>,
(of ''Bactris major'')<ref name = Kew/>
--<br>
''Bactris chaetorhachis'' <small>Mart.</small>,
''Bactris minax'' <small>Miq.</small>,
''Augustinea balanoidea'' <small>Oerst.</small>,
''Augustinea ovata'' <small>Oerst.</small>,
''Bactris cruegeriana'' <small>Griseb.</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis balanoidea'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Karst.</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis ovata'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Karst.</small>,
''Bactris balanoidea'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Wendl.</small>,
''Bactris ovata'' <small>(Oerst.) H.Wendl. (nom. illeg.)</small>,
''Bactris megalocarpa'' <small>Trail ex Thurn</small>,
''Bactris ottostapfiana'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
''Bactris augustinea'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris superior'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis chaetorhachis'' <small>(Mart.) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis ottostapfiana'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis superior'' <small>(L.H.Bailey) Burret</small>,
''Bactris albonotata'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris beata'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris broadwayi'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris cateri'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris ellipsoidalis'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris obovoidea'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris planifolia'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris swabeyi'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Bactris demerarana'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis cruegeriana'' <small>(Griseb.) H.Karst.</small>,
''Bactris major'' var. ''megalocarpa'' <small>(Trail ex Thurn) A.J.Hend.</small>,
(of ''Bactris major'' var. ''major'')<ref name = var1/>
--<br>
''Bactris infesta'' <small>Mart.</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis infesta'' <small>(Mart.) Burret</small>,
''Bactris exaltata'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
''Bactris nemorosa'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
''Bactris socialis'' subsp. ''curuena'' <small>Trail</small>,
''Bactris socialis'' subsp. ''gaviona'' <small>Trail</small>,
''Bactris curuena'' <small>(Trail) Trail ex Drude</small>,
''Bactris gaviona'' <small>(Trail) Trail ex Drude</small>,
''Bactris chapadensis'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
''Bactris major'' var. ''mattogrossensis'' <small>Kuntze</small>,
''Bactris mattogrossensis'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis chapadensis'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis curuena'' <small>(Trail) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis exaltata'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis gaviona'' <small>(Trail) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis mattogrossensis'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis nemorosa'' <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Burret</small>,
(of ''Bactris major'' var. ''infesta'')<ref name = var2/>
--<br>
''Bactris socialis'' <small>Mart. </small>,
''Pyrenoglyphis socialis'' <small>(Mart.) Burret</small>,
(of ''Bactris major'' var. ''socialis'')<ref name = var3/>
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
