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|habit=tree
|habit=tree
|habit_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
|habit_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
|Min ht box=60
|Min ht metric=ft
|Max ht box=80
|Max ht metric=ft
|height_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
|lifespan=perennial
|lifespan=perennial
|life_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
|life_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
|exposure=sun
|exposure=sun
|features=evergreen
|water=moist
|water_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
|features=evergreen, flowers
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
|min_zone=6
|min_zone=6
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
}}
}}
'''''Magnolia grandiflora''''', commonly known as the '''Southern magnolia''' or '''bull bay''', is a tree of the family [[Magnoliaceae]] native to the [[Southeastern United States|southeastern]] [[United States]], from coastal [[Virginia]] south to central [[Florida]], and west to eastern [[Texas]] and [[Oklahoma]]. Reaching 27.5 m (90 ft) in height, it is a large striking evergreen tree with large dark green leaves and large white fragrant flowers. Widely cultivated around the world, over a hundred [[cultivar]]s have been bred and marketed commercially. The timber is hard and heavy, and has been used commercially to make furniture, pallets, and veneer.
'''''Magnolia grandiflora''''', commonly known as the '''Southern magnolia''' or '''bull bay''', is a tree of the family [[Magnoliaceae]] native to the [[Southeastern United States|southeastern]] [[United States]], from coastal [[Virginia]] south to central [[Florida]], and west to eastern [[Texas]] and [[Oklahoma]]. Reaching 27.5 m (90 ft) in height, it is a large striking evergreen tree with large dark green leaves and large white fragrant flowers. Widely cultivated around the world, over a hundred [[cultivar]]s have been bred and marketed commercially. The timber is hard and heavy, and has been used commercially to make furniture, pallets, and veneer.
''Magnolia grandiflora'' is a medium to large [[evergreen]] tree which may grow 27.5 m (90 ft) tall.<ref name=Gardiner144>Gardiner, p. 144</ref> It typically has a single stem (or trunk) and a [[Pyramid (geometry)|pyramidal]] shape.<ref name="trees_for_architecture_and_landscape_a01">{{Cite book | last1 = Zion | first1 = Robert L. | title = Trees for architecture and landscape | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=aaKTWJG4-iQC&pg=PA224&| year = 1995 | publisher = Van Nostrand Reinhold | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-471-28524-3 | page = 224 }}</ref> The [[leaf|leaves]] are simple and broadly ovate, 12–20 cm (5–8 in) long and 6–12 cm (2–5 in) broad,<ref name="trees_for_architecture_and_landscape_a01"/> with smooth margins. They are dark green, stiff and leathery, and often scurfy underneath with yellow-brown [[Leaf#Surface of the leaf|pubescence]]. The large, showy, [[citronella]]-scented [[flower]]s are white, up to 30 cm (12 in) across and fragrant, with 6–12 petals with a waxy texture, emerging from the tips of twigs on mature trees in late spring. Flowering is followed by the rose-coloured fruit, ovoid and 7.5–10 cm (3–4 in) long and 3–5 cm (1.5–2 in) wide.<ref name="Maisenhelder70"/>
''Magnolia grandiflora'' is a medium to large [[evergreen]] tree which may grow 27.5 m (90 ft) tall.<ref name=Gardiner144>Gardiner, p. 144</ref> It typically has a single stem (or trunk) and a [[Pyramid (geometry)|pyramidal]] shape.<ref name="trees_for_architecture_and_landscape_a01">{{Cite book | last1 = Zion | first1 = Robert L. | title = Trees for architecture and landscape | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=aaKTWJG4-iQC&pg=PA224&| year = 1995 | publisher = Van Nostrand Reinhold | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-471-28524-3 | page = 224 }}</ref> The [[leaf|leaves]] are simple and broadly ovate, 12–20 cm (5–8 in) long and 6–12 cm (2–5 in) broad,<ref name="trees_for_architecture_and_landscape_a01"/> with smooth margins. They are dark green, stiff and leathery, and often scurfy underneath with yellow-brown [[Leaf#Surface of the leaf|pubescence]]. The large, showy, [[citronella]]-scented [[flower]]s are white, up to 30 cm (12 in) across and fragrant, with 6–12 petals with a waxy texture, emerging from the tips of twigs on mature trees in late spring. Flowering is followed by the rose-coloured fruit, ovoid and 7.5–10 cm (3–4 in) long and 3–5 cm (1.5–2 in) wide.<ref name="Maisenhelder70"/>
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
As newer cultivars have been found to be more cold hardy, the cultivated range has continued to spread farther north with some being planted around Chicago. 'Bracken's Brown Beauty', [http://www.archiplanet.org/wiki/House_that_Lives%2C_The#Discussion 'Edith Bogue'] and '24 Below' are some of the most cold hardy varieties.
As newer cultivars have been found to be more cold hardy, the cultivated range has continued to spread farther north with some being planted around Chicago. 'Bracken's Brown Beauty', [http://www.archiplanet.org/wiki/House_that_Lives%2C_The#Discussion 'Edith Bogue'] and '24 Below' are some of the most cold hardy varieties.
*'''''Magnolia'' "Angustifolia"''', developed in France in 1825, has narrow spear-shaped leaves 20 cm (8 in) long by 11 cm (4.4 in) wide, as its name suggests.<ref name=Gardiner145/>
*'''''Magnolia'' "Angustifolia"''', developed in France in 1825, has narrow spear-shaped leaves 20 cm (8 in) long by 11 cm (4.4 in) wide, as its name suggests.<ref name=Gardiner145/>
*'''''Magnolia'' "Exmouth"''' was developed in the early 18th century by John Colliton in Devon. It is notable for its huge flowers with up to 20 tepals, and vigorous growth. Erect in habit, it is often planted against walls. The leaves are green above and brownish underneath.<ref name=Gardiner147>Gardiner, p. 147</ref> The flowers are very fragrant and the leaves are narrow and leathery.<ref name="the_american_horticultural">{{Cite book | last1 = Brickell | first1 = Christopher | title = The American Horticultural Society encyclopedia of garden plants | year = 1989 | publisher = Macmillan | location = New York | isbn = 0-02-557920-7 | pages = 51 }}</ref>
*'''''Magnolia'' "Exmouth"''' was developed in the early 18th century by John Colliton in Devon. It is notable for its huge flowers with up to 20 tepals, and vigorous growth. Erect in habit, it is often planted against walls. The leaves are green above and brownish underneath.<ref name=Gardiner147>Gardiner, p. 147</ref> The flowers are very fragrant and the leaves are narrow and leathery.<ref name="the_american_horticultural">{{Cite book | last1 = Brickell | first1 = Christopher | title = The American Horticultural Society encyclopedia of garden plants | year = 1989 | publisher = Macmillan | location = New York | isbn = 0-02-557920-7 | pages = 51 }}</ref>
*'''''Magnolia'' "Goliath"''', was developed by Caledonia Nurseries of Guernsey, and has a bushier habit and globular flowers of up to 30 cm (12 in) diameter. Long-flowering, it has oval leaves which lack the brownish hair underneath.<ref name=Gardiner147/>
*'''''Magnolia'' "Goliath"''', was developed by Caledonia Nurseries of Guernsey, and has a bushier habit and globular flowers of up to 30 cm (12 in) diameter. Long-flowering, it has oval leaves which lack the brownish hair underneath.<ref name=Gardiner147/>
*'''''Magnolia'' "Little Gem"''', a dwarf cultivar, is grown in warmer climates. Originally developed in 1952 by Steed's Nursery in [[Candor, North Carolina]], it is a slower growing form with a columnar shape which reaches around 4.25 m (14 ft) high and 1.2 m (4 ft) wide. Flowering heavily over an extended period in warmer climate, it bears medium-size cup-shaped flowers, and has elliptic leaves 12.5 cm (5 in) long by 5 cm (2 in) wide.<ref name=Gardiner147/>
*'''''Magnolia'' "Little Gem"''', a dwarf cultivar, is grown in warmer climates. Originally developed in 1952 by Steed's Nursery in [[Candor, North Carolina]], it is a slower growing form with a columnar shape which reaches around 4.25 m (14 ft) high and 1.2 m (4 ft) wide. Flowering heavily over an extended period in warmer climate, it bears medium-size cup-shaped flowers, and has elliptic leaves 12.5 cm (5 in) long by 5 cm (2 in) wide.<ref name=Gardiner147/>
Other commonly grow cultivars include:
Other commonly grow cultivars include:
