94,129
edits
Changes
From Gardenology.org - Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening Wiki
Jump to navigationJump to searchno edit summary
{{plantbox
| color = IndianRed
|name = ''Hibiscus''
|image = Hibiscus india.JPG
|image_caption = ''[[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]]''
| image_width = 240px
| color = IndianRed
| common_names = Hibiscus
| growth_habit = Bush
| high =
| wide =
| lifespan = Most are Perennial
| exposure = Sun, Indoors
| water = regular to dry
| features = Flowers
| hardiness = Frost sensitive
| usda_zones = varies by species
| sunset_zones = varies by species
|}}
'''''Hibiscus''''', or '''rosemallow''', is a large genus of about 200–220 species of [[flowering plant]]s native to warm, temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. The genus includes both annual and perennial [[herbaceous]] plants, and woody [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s.
The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The [[flower]]s are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more [[petal]]s, ranging from white to pink, red, purple or yellow, and from 4-15 cm broad. The [[fruit]] is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several [[seed]]s in each lobe, which are released when the capsule splits open at maturity.
The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, simple, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin.
The [[flower]]s are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more [[petal]]s, ranging from white to pink, red, purple or yellow, and from 4-15 cm broad.
The [[fruit]] is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several [[seed]]s in each lobe, which are released when the capsule splits open at maturity.
==Species==
==Species==
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown [[ornamental plant|ornamental]] species is ''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]'', the common garden Hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated ''[[Hypericum calycinum]]'', also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the [[Chinese hibiscus]] (''H. rosa-sinensis''), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
In temperate zones, probably the most commonly grown [[ornamental plant|ornamental]] species is ''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]'', the common garden Hibiscus, also known in some areas as the "Rose of Althea" or "Rose of Sharon" (but not to be confused with the unrelated ''[[Hypericum calycinum]]'', also called "Rose of Sharon"). In tropical and subtropical areas, the [[Chinese hibiscus]] (''H. rosa-sinensis''), with its many showy hybrids, is the most popular hibiscus.
{{col-2}}
{{col-2}}
*''[[Hibiscus acetosella]]''
*''[[Hibiscus acetosella]]''
*''[[Hibiscus arnottianus]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Koki'o]]
*''[[Hibiscus arnottianus]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Koki'o 'ula]]
*''[[Hibiscus brackenridgei]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Ma'o hau hele]]
*''[[Hibiscus brackenridgei]]'' - [[Hawaiian hibiscus|Ma'o hau hele]]
*''[[Hibiscus calyphyllus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus calyphyllus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus fuscus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus fuscus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus grandiflorus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus grandiflorus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus coccineus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus hamabo]]''
*''[[Hibiscus hamabo]]''
*''[[Hibiscus hastatus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus hastatus]]''
*''[[Hibiscus insularis]]'' - Phillip Island Hibiscus
*''[[Hibiscus insularis]]'' - Phillip Island Hibiscus
{{col-2}}
{{col-2}}
*''[[Hibiscus laevis]]'' - [[Halberd-leaved rosemallow]]
*''[[Hibiscus laevis]]'' - [[Halberd-leaved rosemallow]]
*''[[Hibiscus lasiocarpos]]''
*''[[Hibiscus lasiocarpos]]''
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}
==Care==
Hibiscus flowers need to be taken care of in warm temperatures. They bloom best with temperatures ranging from 60 to 90 degrees. The hibiscus needs to be watered carefully. Make sure you do not overflood the roots. Keep a steady flow of water for the plant in warm weather. In colder weather, only water the plant if it looks dry. Hibiscus needs to be fed plant food. Try to keep all insects and pests away so the flower does not get ruined. If you are potting your flower, make sure the pot has plenty of drainage.
==Propagation==
Mainly by rooting cuttings.
==Pests and diseases==
Whitefly, aphids, scales, etc.
==Uses==
[[Image:Hawaiian Flower.JPG|right|thumb|A white ''[[Hibiscus arnottianus]]'' in Hawaii.]]
[[Image:Hibiscus India Kerala1.jpg|right|thumb|A red Hibiscus of [[Kerala]]<br>(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis).]]
Many species are grown for their showy [[flower]]s or used as landscape [[shrub]]s. Hibiscus is also a primary ingredient in many [[Jamaica (drink)|herbal teas]].
One species of ''Hibiscus'', known as [[Kenaf]] (''Hibiscus cannabinus''), is extensively used in [[paper]] making. Another, [[Roselle (plant)|roselle]] (''Hibiscus sabdariffa'') is used as a [[vegetable]] and to make [[herbal tea]]s and [[jam]]s (especially in the Caribbean).
In [[Mexico]], the drink is known as Jamaican water or [[Jamaica (drink)|agua de Jamaica]] and is quite popular for its color, tanginess and mild flavor; once sugar is added, it tastes somewhat like cranberry juice. Dieters or persons with kidney problems often take it without adding sugar for its beneficial properties and as a natural [[diuretic]]. It is made by boiling the dehydrated flowers in water; once it is boiled, it is allowed to cool and drunk with ice.[http://vinculando.org/mercado/flor_jamaica.html]
In Egypt and Sudan, roselle petals are used to make a tea named after the plant [[karkade]].
''Hibiscus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Chionodes|Chionodes hibiscella]]'', ''[[Hypercompe|Hypercompe hambletoni]]'', the [[Nutmeg (moth)|Nutmeg moth]], and the [[Turnip Moth]].
The Hibiscus is used as an offering to Goddess [[Kali]] and Lord [[Ganesha]] in [[Hindu]] worship.
The Gumamela or Hibiscus rosa sinensis linn flower has antifungal, emmenagogue, emollient and refrigerant effect.[240]
The bark of the hibiscus contains strong fibers. They can be obtained by letting the stripped bark sit in the sea in order to let the organic material rot away. In [[Polynesia]] these fibers (fau, pūrau) are used for making grass skirts. They have also been known to be used to make wigs.
Hibiscus, especially white hibiscus, is considered to have medicinal properties in the Indian traditional system of medicine, [[Ayurveda]]. Roots make various concoctions believed to cure various ailments.
The natives of southern India use the Red hibiscus (''Hibiscus rosa-sinensis'') for hair care purposes. The red flower and leaves, extracts of which can be applied on hair to tackle hair-fall and dandruff on the scalp. It is used to make hair-protective oils. A simple application involves soaking the leaves and flowers in water and using a wet grinder to make a thick paste, and used as a natural shampoo.
Dried hibiscus is edible, and is often a delicacy in Mexico.
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Hibiscus1.jpg|<center>A hibiscus, showing [[pistil]] and [[stamen]]s</center>
<!-- Unsourced image removed: Image:hibiscus_stigma_anther.jpg|<center>[[Stigma]] and [[anther]]s of a hibiscus</center> -->
Image:Hibiscus-stages.jpg|<center>At left, a flower emerges from a bud. At right, the same flower less than 18 hours later.</center>
</gallery>
[[Category:Hibiscus]]
==Taxonomy==
[[Category:Flowers]]
{{Taxbox
| color = IndianRed
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Malvales]]
|familia = [[Malvaceae]]
|genus = '''''Hibiscus'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
|subdivision = [[#Species|Over 200 species]]
|}}
