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| | {{Plantbox | | {{Plantbox |
| | | color = IndianRed | | | color = IndianRed |
| − | | common_names = Daylily | + | | common_names = Freesia |
| − | | growth_habit = | + | | growth_habit = [[Corm]] |
| − | | high = | + | | high = 40cm |
| − | | wide = | + | | wide = 15cm |
| | | lifespan = [[Perennial]] | | | lifespan = [[Perennial]] |
| − | | exposure = Sun | + | | exposure = Sun, Indoors |
| − | | water = regular to dry | + | | water = regular |
| − | | features = Flowers, Naturalizes | + | | features = Flowers, Fragrance, Naturalizes |
| − | | hardiness = Hardy | + | | hardiness = Frost sensitive |
| − | | usda_zones = 1-11 | + | | usda_zones = 8-11 |
| − | | sunset_zones = | + | | sunset_zones = 8, 9, 12-24 |
| − | | name = Daylily | + | | name = ''Freesia'' |
| − | | image = Hemerocallis Tom Collins1LiquidGhoul.jpg | + | | image = Freesia.jpg |
| − | | image_width = 250px | + | | image_width = 240px |
| − | | image_caption = Hybrid daylily 'Tom Collins' | + | | image_caption = Cultivated freesias |
| | }} | | }} |
| − | '''Daylilies''' comprise the small [[genus]] '''''Hemerocallis''''' of flowering plants in the family [[Hemerocallidaceae]]. They are not true lilies which are ''[[Lilium]]'' in [[Liliaceae]].
| + | GENERAL genus/plant description |
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| − | These plants are [[perennial]]. The name ''Hemerocallis'' comes from the [[Greek words]] {{polytonic|ἡμέρα}} (hēmera) "day" and {{polytonic|καλός}} (kalos) "beautiful". The flowers of most species open at sunrise and wither at sunset, possibly replaced by another one on the same stem the next day. Some species are night-blooming. Daylilies are not commonly used as cut flowers for formal [[florist|flower arranging]], yet they make good cut flowers otherwise as new flowers continue to open on cut stems over several days.
| + | '''''Freesia''''' (Ecklon ex Klatt) is a [[genus]] of.... |
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| − | Originally native from [[Europe]] to [[China]], [[Korea]], and [[Japan]], their large showy flowers have made them popular worldwide. There are over 60,000 registered [[cultivar]]s. Only a few cultivars are scented. Some cultivars rebloom later in the season, particularly if their developing seedpods are removed.
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| − | Daylilies occur as a clump including leaves, the crown, and the roots. The long, often linear [[lanceolate]] [[leaf|leaves]] are grouped into [[Phyllotaxis |opposite]] flat fans with leaves arching out to both sides. The crown of a daylily is the small white portion between the leaves and the roots, an essential part of the fan. Along the flower stem or [[scape (botany)|scape]], small leafy "proliferations" may form at [[node (botany)|node]]s or in [[bract]]s. These proliferations form roots when planted and are the exact [[cloning|clone]]s of the parent plant. Some daylilies show elongated widenings along the roots, made by the plant mostly for water storage and an indication of good health.
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| − | The flower consists of three [[petal]]s and three [[sepal]]s, collectively called [[tepals]], each with a [[midrib]] in the same or in a contrasting color. The centermost section of the flower, called the throat, has usually a different and contrasting color. There are six [[stamen]]s, each with a two-lobed [[anther]]. After [[pollination]], the flower forms a pod.
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| − | Daylilies can be grown in USDA plant [[hardiness zone]]s 1 through 11, making them some of the most adaptable [[landscape]] plants. Most of the cultivars have been developed within the last 100 years. The large-flowered clear yellow 'Hyperion', introduced in the 1920s, heralded a return to gardens of the once-dismissed daylily, and is still widely available. Daylily [[plant breeding|breeding]] has been a specialty in the United States, where their heat- and drought-resistance made them garden standbys during the later 20th century. New cultivars have sold for thousands of dollars, but sturdy and prolific introductions soon reach reasonable prices.
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| − | [[Image:Orange Daylily.jpg|thumb|left|275px|'Kwanzo' - a triple-flowered [[triploid]] cultivar]]
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| − | [[Tawny Daylily]] ''[[Hemerocallis fulva]]'', and sweet-scented ''H. lilioasphodelus'' (''H. flava'' is an illegitimate name), colloquially called Lemon Lily, were early imports from England to 17th century American gardens and soon established themselves. Tawny Daylily is so widely growing wild that it is often considered a native wildflower. It is called Roadside or Railroad Daylily, and gained the nickname Wash-house or Outhouse Lily because it was frequently planted at such buildings.
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| − | Hemerocallis is one of the most hybridized of all garden plants, with registrations of new hybrids being made in the thousands each year in the search for new traits. Hybridizers have extended the plant's color range from the yellow, orange, and pale pink of the species, to vibrant reds, purples, lavenders, greenish tones, near-black, near-white, and more. However, a blue daylily is a milestone yet to be reached.
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| | ==Species== | | ==Species== |
| − | This is a list of [[species]], not of [[cultivars]], which number in the thousands:
| + | *''[[Freesia alba]]'' |
| − | [[Image:Hemerocallis minor0.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''[[Hemerocallis minor]]'' dried seed pods]]
| + | *''[[Freesia laxa]]'' (syn. ''Anomatheca laxa'', ''Lapeirousia laxa'') |
| − | [[Image:Hemerocallis-thunbergii1web.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Hemerocallis thunbergii'']]
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| − | [[Image:RedDaylily.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A Hemerocallis fulva longituba commonly called a "Red Magic" daylily for its color combination]]
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis altissima]]'' Stout | |
| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis aurantiaca]]'' Baker | |
| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis citrina]]'' Baroni
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis cordata]]'' C.P.Thunberg ex A. Murray
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis coreana]]'' Nakai
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis darrowiana]]'' S.Y.Hu
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis dumortierii]]'' Morr
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis esculenta]]'' Koidz.
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis exaltata]]'' Stout
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| − | * ''Hemerocallis ×exilis'' Satake
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis forrestii]]'' Diels
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis fulva]]'' L. : Orange Daylily, Tawny Daylily, Tiger Lily, Ditch Lily
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis hakuunensis]]'' Nakai
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis hongdoensis]]'' M.G.Chung & S.S.Kang
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| − | * ''Hemerocallis ×hybrida'' (hort.)
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis japonica]]'' C.P.Thunberg ex A. Murray
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus]]'' L, ''Hemerocallis flava'' L, Lemon Lily, Yellow daylily
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis littorea]]'' Makino
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis micrantha]]'' Nakai
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis middendorffii]]'' Trautv. & Mey.
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis minor]]'' Mill.
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis multiflora]]'' Stout
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis nana]]'' W.W.Sm. & Forrest
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| − | * ''Hemerocallis ×ochroleuca'' (hort. ex Bergmans)
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis pedicellata]]'' Nakai
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis plicata]]'' Stapf
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis sempervirens]]'' Araki
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis sendaica]]'' Ohwi
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis serotina]]'' Focke
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| − | * ''Hemerocallis ×stoutiana'' Traub (hort.)
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis sulphurea]]'' Nakai
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis taeanensis]]'' S.S.Kang & M.G.Chung
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis thunbergii]]'' Baker
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| − | * ''Hemerocallis ×traubara'' Moldenke (hort.)
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| − | * ''Hemerocallis ×traubiana'' Moldenke (hort.)
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis vespertina]]'' Hara
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis washingtonia]]'' Traub
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| − | * ''Hemerocallis ×yeldara'' Traub (hort.)
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| − | * ''Hemerocallis ×yeldiana'' Traub (hort.)
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| − | * ''[[Hemerocallis yezoensis]]'' Hara
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| | ==Cultivation== | | ==Cultivation== |
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| | ==Propagation== | | ==Propagation== |
| − | Division for true offspring. Seed.
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| | ==Pests and diseases== | | ==Pests and diseases== |
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| | ==Uses== | | ==Uses== |
| − | The flowers of some species are edible and are used in [[Chinese cuisine]]. They are sold (fresh or dried) in [[Asian supermarket|Asian markets]] as '''gum jum''' or '''golden needles''' or '''yellow flower vegetables'''). They are used in [[hot and sour soup]], daylily soup, [[Buddha's delight]], and [[moo shu pork]]. The young green leaves and the [[tuber]]s of some (but not all{{Fact|date=February 2007}}) species are also edible. The plant has also been used for medicinal purposes. Care must be used as some species can be toxic.
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| − | [[Image:Dry Day Lily.jpg|thumb|left|275px|Dried golden needles]][[Image:Daylilysoup.jpg|thumb|none|275px|A bowl of daylily soup]]
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| − | ==History==
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| | ==Taxonomy== | | ==Taxonomy== |
| | {{Taxbox | | {{Taxbox |
| | | color = IndianRed | | | color = IndianRed |
| − | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | + | | regnum = [[Plantae]] |
| − | | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | + | | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki> |
| | | classis = [[Liliopsida]] | | | classis = [[Liliopsida]] |
| | | ordo = [[Asparagales]] | | | ordo = [[Asparagales]] |
| − | | familia = [[Hemerocallidaceae]] | + | | familia = [[Iridaceae]] |
| − | | genus = '''''Hemerocallis''''' | + | | genus = '''''Freesia''''' |
| | + | | genus_authority = [[Friedrich Wilhelm Klatt|Klatt]] |
| | | subdivision_ranks = Species | | | subdivision_ranks = Species |
| | | subdivision = | | | subdivision = |
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| | }} | | }} |
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| − | ==Distribution and habitat== | + | ==Gallery== |
| | + | For plants with a lot of photos - a gallery can be added here. Remove this text! |
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| | + | <gallery> |
| | + | Image:Freesia.jpg| Freesia photo 1 |
| | + | Image:Freesia.jpg| Freesia photo 2 |
| | + | Image:Freesia.jpg| Freesia photo 3 |
| | + | </gallery> |
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| − | {{reflist}}
| + | *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881926248 |
| | + | *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 |
| | + | *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 |
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| | + | ==See also== |
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| − | == External links == | + | ==External links== |
| − | * [http://www.daylilies.org/ The American Hemerocallis Society]
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| − | * [[b:How to Grow Daylilies|Wikibooks: How to grow Daylilies]]
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| − | * [http://daylily.com The Daylily Exchange] (Links to informational and commercial daylily websites)
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| − | * [http://daylily.com/cgi-bin/auction.cgi The Lily Auction]
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| − | * [http://www.botanik.de/mendel/image-galleries/blumen/lilien/taglilien Daylilies hybrids]
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| − | * [http://www.ukdaylilies.co.uk/ UKDaylilies Hemerocallis] daylilies site with botanical photographs
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| − | * [http://www.greenthumbsgalore.com/daylily.html Green Thumbs Galore Daylily Guide] Information about buying Daylilies online
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