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Hydrangea (view source)

Revision as of 20:52, 25 January 2009

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{{Redirect|Hortensia}}
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{{Plantbox
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
   
| name = ''Hydrangea''
 
| name = ''Hydrangea''
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| common_names = Hydrangea, Hortensia
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| growth_habit = herbaceous
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| high =    <!--- 3ft (1m) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 20in (65cm) -->
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| origin =    <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous = mildly toxic
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| lifespan = perennial
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| exposure =    <!--- sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water =    <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 40F (5C), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for it's flowers -->
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| usda_zones =    <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Light mauve hydrangea.jpg
 
| image = Light mauve hydrangea.jpg
 
| image_width = 240px
 
| image_width = 240px
 
| image_caption = ''Hydrangea macrophylla''
 
| image_caption = ''Hydrangea macrophylla''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = [[Cornales]]
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| ordo = Cornales
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| familia = [[Hydrangeaceae]]
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| familia = Hydrangeaceae
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| genus = '''''Hydrangea'''''
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| genus = Hydrangea
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =
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See text
   
}}
 
}}
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'''''Hydrangea''''' ({{pronEng|haɪˈdreɪndʒ(i)ə}}, common names '''Hydrangea''' and '''Hortensia''') is a genus of about 70-75 species of [[flowering plant]]s native to southern and eastern [[Asia]] (from [[Japan]] to [[China]], the [[Himalaya]] and [[Indonesia]]) and [[North America|North]] and [[South America]]. The flowers are extremely common in the [[Azores]] Islands of [[Portugal]], particularly on [[Faial Island]], which is known as the "blue island" due to the vast number of hydrangeas present on the island. By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China and Japan (See: Japanese [[Ajisai flower]]). Most are [[shrub]]s 1-3 m tall, but some are small [[tree]]s, and others [[liana]]s reaching up to 30 m by climbing up trees. They can be either [[deciduous]] or [[evergreen]], though the widely cultivated temperate species are all deciduous.
 
'''''Hydrangea''''' ({{pronEng|haɪˈdreɪndʒ(i)ə}}, common names '''Hydrangea''' and '''Hortensia''') is a genus of about 70-75 species of [[flowering plant]]s native to southern and eastern [[Asia]] (from [[Japan]] to [[China]], the [[Himalaya]] and [[Indonesia]]) and [[North America|North]] and [[South America]]. The flowers are extremely common in the [[Azores]] Islands of [[Portugal]], particularly on [[Faial Island]], which is known as the "blue island" due to the vast number of hydrangeas present on the island. By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China and Japan (See: Japanese [[Ajisai flower]]). Most are [[shrub]]s 1-3 m tall, but some are small [[tree]]s, and others [[liana]]s reaching up to 30 m by climbing up trees. They can be either [[deciduous]] or [[evergreen]], though the widely cultivated temperate species are all deciduous.
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Species in the related genus ''[[Schizophragma]]'', also in Hydrangeaceae, are also often known as hydrangeas. ''[[Schizophragma hydrangeoides]]'' and ''[[Hydrangea petiolaris]]'' are both commonly known as climbing hydrangeas.
 
Species in the related genus ''[[Schizophragma]]'', also in Hydrangeaceae, are also often known as hydrangeas. ''[[Schizophragma hydrangeoides]]'' and ''[[Hydrangea petiolaris]]'' are both commonly known as climbing hydrangeas.
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== Partial list of species ==
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Hydrangeas are moderately toxic if eaten, with all parts of the plant containing [[cyanogenic glycoside]]s. However, poisoning is rare, as the plant does not look like an enticing food source.
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==Cultivation==
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| color = IndianRed
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| name = Hydrangea
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Hydrangeas are popular [[ornamental plant]]s, grown for their large flowerheads, with ''[[Hydrangea macrophylla]]'' being by far the most widely grown with over 600 named [[cultivar]]s, many selected to have only large sterile flowers in the flowerheads. Some are best pruned on an annual basis when the new leaf buds begin to appear. If not pruned regularly, the bush will become very 'leggy', growing upwards until the weight of the stems is greater than their strength, at which point the stems will sag down to the ground and possibly break. Other species only flower on 'old wood'. Thus new wood resulting from pruning will not produce flowers until the following season.
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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*BACTERIAL DISEASES - Bacterial blight (Pseudomonas solanacearum), Bacterial leaf spot (Pseudomonas cichorii)
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*FUNGAL DISEASES - Bud and flower blight, (Botrytis cinerea), Interveinal chlorosisn (Lack of iron uptake due to alkaline soils), Fungal leaf spots (Cercospora hydrangeae), (Corynespora cassicola), (Phyllosticta hydrangeae), (Septoria hydrangeae), Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni), Root rot (Pythium spp.), Rust (Pucciniastrum hydrangeae), Southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), (teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
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*VIRAL DISEASES - Phyllody (Hydrangea ringspot virus), Ringspots (Hydrangea ringspot virus), (Tobacco ringspot virus), (Tomato spotted wilt virus), (Tomato ringspot virus)
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==Species==
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Partial list of species:
 
[[Image:Single hydrangea flower.jpg|right|thumb|240px|''Hydrangea sp'', fertile individual flower.]]
 
[[Image:Single hydrangea flower.jpg|right|thumb|240px|''Hydrangea sp'', fertile individual flower.]]
 
[[Image:Hydrangea flowers dead in winter.jpg|right|240px|thumb|''Hydrangea'', flowers in winter.]]
 
[[Image:Hydrangea flowers dead in winter.jpg|right|240px|thumb|''Hydrangea'', flowers in winter.]]
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*''[[Hydrangea zhewanensis]]''. China.
 
*''[[Hydrangea zhewanensis]]''. China.
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==Cultivation and uses==
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==Gallery==
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Hydrangeas are popular [[ornamental plant]]s, grown for their large flowerheads, with ''[[Hydrangea macrophylla]]'' being by far the most widely grown with over 600 named [[cultivar]]s, many selected to have only large sterile flowers in the flowerheads. Some are best pruned on an annual basis when the new leaf buds begin to appear. If not pruned regularly, the bush will become very 'leggy', growing upwards until the weight of the stems is greater than their strength, at which point the stems will sag down to the ground and possibly break. Other species only flower on 'old wood'. Thus new wood resulting from pruning will not produce flowers until the following season.
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<!-- For plants with a lot of photos - a gallery can be added below, otherwise remove this section!  -->
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Hydrangeas are moderately toxic if eaten, with all parts of the plant containing [[cyanogenic glycoside]]s. However, poisoning is rare, as the plant does not look like an enticing food source.
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In [[Korean tea]], ''[[Hydrangea serrata]]'' ([[Hangul]]:산수국 [[Hanja]]:{{linktext|山|水|菊}}) is used for an [[herbal tea]] called ilsulcha (이슬차).
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[[Hydrangea paniculata]] is sometimes smoked to produce [[cannabis]]-like effects. <ref>http://www.erowid.org/herbs/hydrangea/hydrangea.shtml</ref>
   
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
Image:Hydrangea-heads-pale.png|''Hydrangea macrophylla'', flowers.
 
Image:Hydrangea-heads-pale.png|''Hydrangea macrophylla'', flowers.
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Image:Hydrangea-aspera-zoo-cgn-07074-mutante.jpg|''Hydrangea aspera ssp. sargentiana''  
 
Image:Hydrangea-aspera-zoo-cgn-07074-mutante.jpg|''Hydrangea aspera ssp. sargentiana''  
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==Diseases==
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{{Main|List of hydrangea diseases}}
      
==References==
 
==References==
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{{Reflist}}
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*{{wplink}}
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<sup>1</sup> http://www.erowid.org/herbs/hydrangea/hydrangea.shtml
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881926248  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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{{commons|Hydrangea}}
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*http://www.erowid.org/herbs/hydrangea/hydrangea.shtml
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=115977 Flora of China: ''Hydrangea'']
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=115977 Flora of Nepal: ''Hydrangea'' species list]
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*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HYDRA USDA Plant Profile: ''Hydrangea'']
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*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/hyar.htm ''Hydrangea arborescens'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
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*[http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/shrubselector/search_results.cfm?q=hydrangea Hydrangea - Selecting Shrubs for Your Home] (University of Illinois Extension)
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*[http://lakecounty.typepad.com/life_in_lake_county/2007/07/hydrangea-thoug.html Hydrangea Thoughts I] - Informative but non-scholarly essay on Hydrangea (Culture, History and Etymology).
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* [http://www.botanik.de/mendel/image-galleries/blumen/hortensien Hydrangea species and hybrids]
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* [http://www.denolf.com/gen.php?reqNr=7&sReqNr=2&lang=EN ''Endless Summer: a perpetual-flowering big-leaf Hydrangea'']
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[[Category:Cornales]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Flowers]]
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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