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Jump to navigationJump to searchNew page: {{Plantbox | name = ''Campanula'' | common_names = Bellflower | growth_habit = herbaceous | high = <!--- 3ft (1m) --> | wide = <!--- 20in (65cm) --> | origin = N Hemisphere, esp. M...
{{Plantbox
| name = ''Campanula''
| common_names = Bellflower
| growth_habit = herbaceous
| high = <!--- 3ft (1m) -->
| wide = <!--- 20in (65cm) -->
| origin = N Hemisphere, esp. Med. to Caucasus
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
| exposure = sun to light shade
| water = <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, naturalizes, invasive -->
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 40F (5C), etc -->
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for it's flowers -->
| usda_zones = <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
| color = IndianRed
| image = Campanula cespitosa.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Campanula cespitosa''
| regnum = Plantae
| divisio = Magnoliophyta
| classis = Magnoliopsida
| ordo = Asterales
| familia = Campanulaceae
| genus = Campanula
}}
'''''Campanula''''' is one of several [[genus|genera]] of in the [[family]] [[Campanulaceae]] with the common name '''bellflower'''. The genus includes about 300 [[species]] and several subspecies. Distributed across temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]], with greatest diversity from the [[Mediterranean]] region east to the [[Caucasus]].
The species include [[annual plant|annual]], [[biennial plant|biennial]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] plants, and vary in habit from dwarf arctic and alpine species under 5 cm high, to large temperate grassland and woodland species growing to 2 m tall.
==Cultivation==
{{monthbox
| color = IndianRed
| name = Campanula
| jan =
| feb =
| mar = sow
| apr = transplant
| may = flowering
| jun = flowering
| jul = flowering
| aug = flowering
| sep = flowering
| oct = divide
| nov =
| dec =
| notes =
}}
===Propagation===
Seed in spring in cold frame, or from cuttings. Sow alpine in cold frame in fall. For true offspring, you must take cuttings in the spring, or divide the plants in spring or fall.
===Pests and diseases===
''Campanula'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Common Pug]] (recorded on Harebell), [[Dot Moth]], [[Ingrailed Clay]] (recorded on Harebell), [[Lime-speck Pug]] and [[Mouse Moth]].
==Species==
Well-known species include the northern European ''Campanula rotundifolia'', commonly known as [[Harebell]] in [[England]] and [[harebell|Bluebell]] in [[Scotland]], and the southern [[Europe]]an ''Campanula medium'', commonly known as [[Canterbury Bells]], which is a cultivated [[garden plant]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. As well as several species occurring naturally in the wild in northern [[Europe]], there are many cultivated garden species. The species ''Campanula rapunculus'', commonly known as [[Rampion Bellflower]], Rampion, or Rover Bellflower, is an [[Annual plant|annual]] [[vegetable]] and a popular [[garden]] [[plant]], though sometimes considered too invasive. There are blue, purple and white varieties.
Selected species:
{|
|- valign=top
|
:''[[Campanula abietina]]''
:''[[Campanula adsurgens]]''
:''[[Campanula affinis]]''
:''[[Campanula alliariifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula alpestris]]''
:''[[Campanula alpina]]''
:''[[Campanula alsinoides]]''
:''[[Campanula americana]]''
:''[[Campanula angustiflora]]''
:''[[Campanula aparinoides]]'' - [[Marsh bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula ardonensis]]''
:''[[Campanula argyrotricha]]''
:''[[Campanula arvatica]]''
:''[[Campanula aucheri]]''
:''[[Campanula autraniana]]''
:''[[Campanula barbata]]'' - [[Bearded bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula baumgartenii]]''
:''[[Campanula beauverdiana]]''
:''[[Campanula bellidifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula betulifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula bononiensis]]''
:''[[Campanula caespitosa]]''
:''[[Campanula calaminthifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula californica]]''
:''[[Campanula carpatica]]'' - [[Carpathian harebell]]
:''[[Campanula cashmeriana]]''
:''[[Campanula celsii]]''
:''[[Campanula cenisia]]''
:''[[Campanula cervicaria]]''
:''[[Campanula chamissonis]]''
:''[[Campanula cochleariifolia]]'' - [[Fairies' thimble]]
:''[[Campanula collina]]''
:''[[Campanula colorata]]''
:''[[Campanula crenulata]]''
:''[[Campanula dichotoma]]''
:''[[Campanula divaricata]]''
:''[[Campanula elatines]]''
:''[[Campanula elegans]]''
:''[[Campanula ephesia]]''
:''[[Campanula erinus]]''
:''[[Campanula excisa]]''
:''[[Campanula exigua]]'' - [[Campanula exigua|Chaparral bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula filicaulis]]''
:''[[Campanula formanekiana]]''
:''[[Campanula fragilis]]''
:''[[Campanula gansuensis]]''
:''[[Campanula garganica]]'' - [[Adriatic bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula gelida]]''
:''[[Campanula glomerata]]'' - [[Clustered bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula griffinii]]''
:''[[Campanula hemschinica]]''
:''[[Campanula hercegovina]]''
:''[[Campanula heterophylla]]''
:''[[Campanula imeretina]]''
:''[[Campanula incurva]]''
:''[[Campanula isophylla]]'' - [[Italian bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula jacobaea]]''
:''[[Campanula kachethica]]''
:''[[Campanula kantschavelii]]''
:''[[Campanula kemulariae]]''
:''[[Campanula khasiana]]''
:''[[Campanula kolenatiana]]''
:''[[Campanula komarovii]]''
:''[[Campanula laciniata]]''
:''[[Campanula lactiflora]]'' - [[Milky bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula lanata]]''
:''[[Campanula lasiocarpa]]''
:''[[Campanula latifolia]]'' - [[Giant bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula latiloba]]''
:''[[Campanula lingulata]]''
:''[[Campanula linifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula longistyla]]''
:''[[Campanula lusitanica]]''
|
:''[[Campanula lyrata]]''
:''[[Campanula macrorhiza]]''
:''[[Campanula macrostyla]]''
:''[[Campanula makaschvilii]]''
:''[[Campanula medium]]'' - [[Canterbury bells]]
:''[[Campanula michauxioides]]''
:''[[Campanula mirabilis]]''
:''[[Campanula moesiaca]]''
:''[[Campanula mollis]]''
:''[[Campanula morettiana]]''
:''[[Campanula oblongifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula ochroleuca]]''
:''[[Campanula olympica]]''
:''[[Campanula orbelica]]''
:''[[Campanula oreadum]]''
:''[[Campanula orphanidea]]''
:''[[Campanula parryi]]''
:''[[Campanula patula]]'' - [[Spreading bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula pelviformis]]''
:''[[Campanula peregrina]]''
:''[[Campanula persicifolia]]'' - [[Peach-leaved bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula petraea]]''
:''[[Campanula petrophila]]''
:''[[Campanula phrygia]]''
:''[[Campanula phyctidocalyx]]''
:''[[Campanula piperi]]''
:''[[Campanula portenschlagiana]]'' - [[Wall bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula poscharskyana]]'' - [[Serbian bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula prenanthoides]]''
:''[[Campanula primulifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula pulla]]''
:''[[Campanula punctata]]''
:''[[Campanula pyramidalis]]'' - [[Chimney bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula raddeana]]''
:''[[Campanula raineri]]''
:''[[Campanula ramosissima]]''
:''[[Campanula rapunculoides]]'' - [[Creeping bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula rapunculus]]'' - [[Rampion bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula reiseri]]''
:''[[Campanula reuteriana]]''
:''[[Campanula rhomboidalis]]''
:''[[Campanula rotundifolia]]'' - [[Harebell]]
:''[[Campanula rupestris]]''
:''[[Campanula sarmatica]]''
:''[[Campanula sartorii]]''
:''[[Campanula saxatilis]]''
:''[[Campanula saxifraga]]''
:''[[Campanula scabrella]]''
:''[[Campanula scouleri]]''
:''[[Campanula sharsmithiae]]''
:''[[Campanula shetleri]]''
:''[[Campanula sibirica]]''
:''[[Campanula spicata]]''
:''[[Campanula spruneriana]]''
:''[[Campanula stevenii]]''
:''[[Campanula stricta]]''
:''[[Campanula strigosa]]''
:''[[Campanula teucrioides]]''
:''[[Campanula takesimana]]'' - [[Korean bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula thessela]]''
:''[[Campanula thrysoides]]''
:''[[Campanula tomentosa]]''
:''[[Campanula tommasiniana]]''
:''[[Campanula trachelium]]'' - [[Nettle-leaved bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula trautvetteri]]''
:''[[Campanula tridentata]]''
:''[[Campanula uniflora]]''
:''[[Campanula versicolor]]''
:''[[Campanula vidalii]]''
:''[[Campanula violae]]''
:''[[Campanula wilkinsiana]]''
:''[[Campanula zoysii]]''
|}
==Gallery==
<!-- For plants with a lot of photos - a gallery can be added below, otherwise remove this section! -->
==References==
*{{wplink}}
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881926248 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
==External links==
*[http://www.crescentbloom.com/Plants/Genus/C/A/Campanula.htm See here for a more complete list of species]
{{stub}}
[[Category:Categorize]]
| name = ''Campanula''
| common_names = Bellflower
| growth_habit = herbaceous
| high = <!--- 3ft (1m) -->
| wide = <!--- 20in (65cm) -->
| origin = N Hemisphere, esp. Med. to Caucasus
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
| exposure = sun to light shade
| water = <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, naturalizes, invasive -->
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 40F (5C), etc -->
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for it's flowers -->
| usda_zones = <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
| color = IndianRed
| image = Campanula cespitosa.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Campanula cespitosa''
| regnum = Plantae
| divisio = Magnoliophyta
| classis = Magnoliopsida
| ordo = Asterales
| familia = Campanulaceae
| genus = Campanula
}}
'''''Campanula''''' is one of several [[genus|genera]] of in the [[family]] [[Campanulaceae]] with the common name '''bellflower'''. The genus includes about 300 [[species]] and several subspecies. Distributed across temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]], with greatest diversity from the [[Mediterranean]] region east to the [[Caucasus]].
The species include [[annual plant|annual]], [[biennial plant|biennial]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] plants, and vary in habit from dwarf arctic and alpine species under 5 cm high, to large temperate grassland and woodland species growing to 2 m tall.
==Cultivation==
{{monthbox
| color = IndianRed
| name = Campanula
| jan =
| feb =
| mar = sow
| apr = transplant
| may = flowering
| jun = flowering
| jul = flowering
| aug = flowering
| sep = flowering
| oct = divide
| nov =
| dec =
| notes =
}}
===Propagation===
Seed in spring in cold frame, or from cuttings. Sow alpine in cold frame in fall. For true offspring, you must take cuttings in the spring, or divide the plants in spring or fall.
===Pests and diseases===
''Campanula'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Common Pug]] (recorded on Harebell), [[Dot Moth]], [[Ingrailed Clay]] (recorded on Harebell), [[Lime-speck Pug]] and [[Mouse Moth]].
==Species==
Well-known species include the northern European ''Campanula rotundifolia'', commonly known as [[Harebell]] in [[England]] and [[harebell|Bluebell]] in [[Scotland]], and the southern [[Europe]]an ''Campanula medium'', commonly known as [[Canterbury Bells]], which is a cultivated [[garden plant]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. As well as several species occurring naturally in the wild in northern [[Europe]], there are many cultivated garden species. The species ''Campanula rapunculus'', commonly known as [[Rampion Bellflower]], Rampion, or Rover Bellflower, is an [[Annual plant|annual]] [[vegetable]] and a popular [[garden]] [[plant]], though sometimes considered too invasive. There are blue, purple and white varieties.
Selected species:
{|
|- valign=top
|
:''[[Campanula abietina]]''
:''[[Campanula adsurgens]]''
:''[[Campanula affinis]]''
:''[[Campanula alliariifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula alpestris]]''
:''[[Campanula alpina]]''
:''[[Campanula alsinoides]]''
:''[[Campanula americana]]''
:''[[Campanula angustiflora]]''
:''[[Campanula aparinoides]]'' - [[Marsh bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula ardonensis]]''
:''[[Campanula argyrotricha]]''
:''[[Campanula arvatica]]''
:''[[Campanula aucheri]]''
:''[[Campanula autraniana]]''
:''[[Campanula barbata]]'' - [[Bearded bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula baumgartenii]]''
:''[[Campanula beauverdiana]]''
:''[[Campanula bellidifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula betulifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula bononiensis]]''
:''[[Campanula caespitosa]]''
:''[[Campanula calaminthifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula californica]]''
:''[[Campanula carpatica]]'' - [[Carpathian harebell]]
:''[[Campanula cashmeriana]]''
:''[[Campanula celsii]]''
:''[[Campanula cenisia]]''
:''[[Campanula cervicaria]]''
:''[[Campanula chamissonis]]''
:''[[Campanula cochleariifolia]]'' - [[Fairies' thimble]]
:''[[Campanula collina]]''
:''[[Campanula colorata]]''
:''[[Campanula crenulata]]''
:''[[Campanula dichotoma]]''
:''[[Campanula divaricata]]''
:''[[Campanula elatines]]''
:''[[Campanula elegans]]''
:''[[Campanula ephesia]]''
:''[[Campanula erinus]]''
:''[[Campanula excisa]]''
:''[[Campanula exigua]]'' - [[Campanula exigua|Chaparral bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula filicaulis]]''
:''[[Campanula formanekiana]]''
:''[[Campanula fragilis]]''
:''[[Campanula gansuensis]]''
:''[[Campanula garganica]]'' - [[Adriatic bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula gelida]]''
:''[[Campanula glomerata]]'' - [[Clustered bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula griffinii]]''
:''[[Campanula hemschinica]]''
:''[[Campanula hercegovina]]''
:''[[Campanula heterophylla]]''
:''[[Campanula imeretina]]''
:''[[Campanula incurva]]''
:''[[Campanula isophylla]]'' - [[Italian bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula jacobaea]]''
:''[[Campanula kachethica]]''
:''[[Campanula kantschavelii]]''
:''[[Campanula kemulariae]]''
:''[[Campanula khasiana]]''
:''[[Campanula kolenatiana]]''
:''[[Campanula komarovii]]''
:''[[Campanula laciniata]]''
:''[[Campanula lactiflora]]'' - [[Milky bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula lanata]]''
:''[[Campanula lasiocarpa]]''
:''[[Campanula latifolia]]'' - [[Giant bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula latiloba]]''
:''[[Campanula lingulata]]''
:''[[Campanula linifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula longistyla]]''
:''[[Campanula lusitanica]]''
|
:''[[Campanula lyrata]]''
:''[[Campanula macrorhiza]]''
:''[[Campanula macrostyla]]''
:''[[Campanula makaschvilii]]''
:''[[Campanula medium]]'' - [[Canterbury bells]]
:''[[Campanula michauxioides]]''
:''[[Campanula mirabilis]]''
:''[[Campanula moesiaca]]''
:''[[Campanula mollis]]''
:''[[Campanula morettiana]]''
:''[[Campanula oblongifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula ochroleuca]]''
:''[[Campanula olympica]]''
:''[[Campanula orbelica]]''
:''[[Campanula oreadum]]''
:''[[Campanula orphanidea]]''
:''[[Campanula parryi]]''
:''[[Campanula patula]]'' - [[Spreading bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula pelviformis]]''
:''[[Campanula peregrina]]''
:''[[Campanula persicifolia]]'' - [[Peach-leaved bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula petraea]]''
:''[[Campanula petrophila]]''
:''[[Campanula phrygia]]''
:''[[Campanula phyctidocalyx]]''
:''[[Campanula piperi]]''
:''[[Campanula portenschlagiana]]'' - [[Wall bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula poscharskyana]]'' - [[Serbian bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula prenanthoides]]''
:''[[Campanula primulifolia]]''
:''[[Campanula pulla]]''
:''[[Campanula punctata]]''
:''[[Campanula pyramidalis]]'' - [[Chimney bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula raddeana]]''
:''[[Campanula raineri]]''
:''[[Campanula ramosissima]]''
:''[[Campanula rapunculoides]]'' - [[Creeping bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula rapunculus]]'' - [[Rampion bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula reiseri]]''
:''[[Campanula reuteriana]]''
:''[[Campanula rhomboidalis]]''
:''[[Campanula rotundifolia]]'' - [[Harebell]]
:''[[Campanula rupestris]]''
:''[[Campanula sarmatica]]''
:''[[Campanula sartorii]]''
:''[[Campanula saxatilis]]''
:''[[Campanula saxifraga]]''
:''[[Campanula scabrella]]''
:''[[Campanula scouleri]]''
:''[[Campanula sharsmithiae]]''
:''[[Campanula shetleri]]''
:''[[Campanula sibirica]]''
:''[[Campanula spicata]]''
:''[[Campanula spruneriana]]''
:''[[Campanula stevenii]]''
:''[[Campanula stricta]]''
:''[[Campanula strigosa]]''
:''[[Campanula teucrioides]]''
:''[[Campanula takesimana]]'' - [[Korean bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula thessela]]''
:''[[Campanula thrysoides]]''
:''[[Campanula tomentosa]]''
:''[[Campanula tommasiniana]]''
:''[[Campanula trachelium]]'' - [[Nettle-leaved bellflower]]
:''[[Campanula trautvetteri]]''
:''[[Campanula tridentata]]''
:''[[Campanula uniflora]]''
:''[[Campanula versicolor]]''
:''[[Campanula vidalii]]''
:''[[Campanula violae]]''
:''[[Campanula wilkinsiana]]''
:''[[Campanula zoysii]]''
|}
==Gallery==
<!-- For plants with a lot of photos - a gallery can be added below, otherwise remove this section! -->
==References==
*{{wplink}}
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881926248 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
==External links==
*[http://www.crescentbloom.com/Plants/Genus/C/A/Campanula.htm See here for a more complete list of species]
{{stub}}
[[Category:Categorize]]
