Changes

===Pests and diseases===

===Pests and diseases===

:''[[List of tomato diseases]]''

:''[[List of tomato diseases]]''

Tomato cultivars vary widely in their resistance to disease.  [[Tobacco mosaic virus]] is a common problem, so smoking and the use of [[tobacco]] products should be kept away from tomatoes.<ref> [http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG1168.html Tomato-Tobacco Mosaic Virus Disease] ''Extension.umn.edu''. URL Accessed June 30, 2006.</ref> Different forms of [[mildew]] and [[blight]] are also often tomato afflictions, which accounts for why tomato cultivars usually get marked with letters like [[VFN]], which indicate disease resistance to ''[[verticillium]]'' [[Wilting|wilt]], ''[[fusarium]]'' [[fungus]], and [[nematode]]s.

Tomato cultivars vary widely in their resistance to disease.  [[Tobacco mosaic virus]] is a common problem, so smoking and the use of [[tobacco]] products should be kept away from tomatoes.[http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG1168.html] Different forms of [[mildew]] and [[blight]] are also often tomato afflictions, which accounts for why tomato cultivars usually get marked with letters like [[VFN]], which indicate its disease resistance.  V = ''[[verticillium]]'' [[Wilting|wilt]] resistance, F = ''[[fusarium]]'' [[fungus]], FF = Race 1 and Race 2 fusarium, T = tobacco mosaic virus, N = [[nematode]]s, A = alternaria leaf spot, and L = septoria leaf spot.

Some common tomato pests are [[cutworms]], [[tomato hornworm]]s, [[aphid]]s, [[cabbage looper]]s, [[whitefly|whiteflies]], [[tomato fruitworm]]s, [[flea beetle]]s, [[slug]]s,<ref>[http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG7561.html Slugs in Home Gardens] ''Extension.umn.edu''. URL Accessed July 14, 2006.</ref> and [[Colorado potato beetle]]s.

Some common tomato pests are [[cutworms]], [[tomato hornworm]]s, [[aphid]]s, [[cabbage looper]]s, [[whitefly|whiteflies]], [[tomato fruitworm]]s, [[flea beetle]]s, [[slug]]s,<ref>[http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG7561.html Slugs in Home Gardens] ''Extension.umn.edu''. URL Accessed July 14, 2006.</ref> and [[Colorado potato beetle]]s.

===Cultivars===

==Cultivars==

[[Image:Tomates anciennes.jpg|thumb|A selection of tomato cultivars showing the variation in shape and color available]]

[[Image:Tomates anciennes.jpg|thumb|A selection of tomato cultivars showing the variation in shape and color available]]

[[Image:Raf_Tomatoes.jpg|thumb|Variations in shape, color and price]]

[[Image:Raf_Tomatoes.jpg|thumb|Variations in shape, color and price]]

There are countless tomato [[cultivar]]s today, and some of the more common are listed below.  Heirlooms tend to be grown for their flavor, colors and shapes, while hybrids are chosen for disease resistance, larger crops and uniformity.  

There are countless tomato [[cultivar]]s today, and some of the more common are listed below.  Heirlooms tend to be grown for their flavor, colors and shapes, while hybrids are chosen for disease resistance, larger crops and uniformity.  

====Determinate or indeterminate====

Tomatoes are first of all commonly classified as determinate or indeterminate.  

*[[Plum tomato]]es, or paste tomatoes, have a higher solid content and are used in [[tomato sauce]] and [[tomato paste|paste]]

 

Tomatoes are also commonly classified as determinate or indeterminate.  

*Determinate, or bush, types bear a full crop all at once and grow to a specific height; these can work well in containers  

*Determinate, or bush, types bear a full crop all at once and grow to a specific height; these can work well in containers  

*Indeterminate cultivars grow like vines that, continuing growth and production until killed by frost (most, if not all heirlooms are are indeterminate.)

*Indeterminate cultivars grow like vines that, continuing growth and production until killed by frost (most, if not all heirlooms are are indeterminate.)

*There are also tomatoes called "vigorous determinate" or "semi-determinate", which stop growth like determinates, but produce a second crop after the first one.  

*There are also tomatoes called "vigorous determinate" or "semi-determinate", which stop growth like determinates, but produce a second crop after the first one.  

Commonly grown cultivars include:

Beyond this, tomato cultivars can be divided into several rough, overlapping categories.

*'[[Beefsteak tomato|Beefsteak]] VFN' (a common hybrid resistant to [[Verticillium]], [[Fusarium]], and [[Nematode]]s)

 

*'Big Boy' (a very common determinate garden cultivar in the United States)

*'Black Krim' (a purple-and-red cultivar from the [[Crimea]])

*'[[Brandywine (tomato)|Brandywine]]' (a pink, indeterminate beefsteak type with a considerable number of substrains)

 

*'Burpee VF' (an early attempt by [[W. Atlee Burpee]] at disease resistance in a commercial tomato)

*'Celebrity' - widely grown

*'[[Early Girl]]' (an early maturing globe type)

*'Big Boy' - widely grown

*'Gardener's Delight' (a smaller English cultivar)

*'Juliet' (a grape tomato developed as a substitute for the rare Santa F1)

*'Heatwave' - popular where summers are very hot

*'Marmande' (a heavily ridged cultivar from [[southern France]]; similar to a small beefsteak and available commercially in the U.S. as [[UglyRipe]])

*'Ace' - popular in California

*'Moneymaker' (an English greenhouse cultivar)

*'Pearson' - popular in California

*'Marglobe' - old favorite

*'Rutgers' - old favorite

 

Fruit-set begins at lower night temperatures, and usually do well in cooler summer areas.

*'Early girl'

*'Burpee's Early Pick'

*'First Lady'

*'Dona'

 

Require less heat for fruit-set and ripening. 

*'Stokesalaska' -

 

These are usually the first generation crosses between two parent lines, and sometimes indicated with an F₁ following the name. Hybrids can fall into any of these categories.

 

*'Caro Rich' - high in beta carotene (and vitamin A)

*[[Mortgage Lifter]] (a popular heirloom beefsteak known for gigantic fruit)

*[[Mortgage Lifter]] (a popular heirloom beefsteak known for gigantic fruit)

*'Patio' (bred specifically for [[container gardens]])

 

*'Purple Haze' (large cherry, indeterminate. Derived from Cherokee Purple, Brandywine and Black Cherry)

*'[[Roma]] VF' (a [[plum tomato]] common in supermarkets)

*'Rutgers' (a commercial heirloom cultivar)

 

*'San Marzano' (a plum tomato popular in Italy)

Includes: 'Roma', 'San Marzano', 'Viva Italia', 'Italian Gold' (yellow), '[[San Marzano tomato|San Marzano']]

*'Santa F1' (a [[China|Chinese]] [[grape tomato]] cultivar popular in the U.S. and parts of southeast Asia)

 

*'Shephard's Sack' (a large variety popular in parts of [[Wales]])

*'Sweet 100' (a very prolific, indeterminate cherry tomato)

*'Yellow Pear' (a yellow, [[Pear shaped|pear-shaped]] heirloom cultivar)

 

 

 

 

* 'Andrew Rahart Jumbo Red' (red beefsteak)

* 'Backfield' (deep red indeterminate beefsteak type)

* 'Box Car Willie' (red beefsteak)

* '[[Brandywine (tomato)|Brandywine]]' (red beefsteak, Sudduth strain)

* '[[Cherokee Purple]]' (purple beefsteak)

* 'Earl’s Faux' (pink/red beefsteak)

* 'Elbe' (orange beefsteak)

* 'German Johnson (sweet beefsteak type)

* 'Great Divide' (red beefsteak)

* 'Ispolin' (pink Siberian strain)

* 'Lucky Cross' (bi-color red/orange)

* 'Marianna’s Peace' (red beefsteak)

* '[[Mortgage Lifter]]' (red beefsteak, various strains)

* 'Red Pear' (pear shaped salad cherry type with beefsteak flavor)

* 'Rose' (very large sweet Amish beefsteak type)

* 'Urbikany' (Siberian variety)

 

Small plants good for [[container gardens]]

 

 

==Gallery==

==Gallery==

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->

*Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608

==External links==

==External links==