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:''For the New Zealand honeysuckle tree see [[Rewarewa]]; for the Australian honeysuckle, see [[Banksia integrifolia]].''
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Honeysuckle
| image = honeysuckle_w_y.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Lonicera periclymenum]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Dipsacales]]
| familia = [[Caprifoliaceae]]
| genus = '''''Lonicera'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text - Selected Species
}}
'''Honeysuckles''' ([[genus (biology)|genus]] ''Lonicera''; [[synonymy|syn.]] ''Caprifolium'' [[Mill.]]) are arching [[shrub]]s or twining [[vine]]s in the family [[Caprifoliaceae]], native to the [[Northern Hemisphere]]. There are about 180 species of honeysuckle, with by far the greatest diversity in [[China]], where over 100 species occur; by comparison, [[Europe]] and [[North America]] have only about 20 native species each. Widely known species include ''[[Lonicera periclymenum]]'' (European Honeysuckle), ''[[Lonicera japonica]]'' (Japanese Honeysuckle, White Honeysuckle, or Chinese Honeysuckle) and ''[[Lonicera sempervirens]]'' (Coral Honeysuckle, Trumpet Honeysuckle, or Woodbine Honeysuckle).
The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, simple oval, and from 1–10 cm long; most are [[deciduous]] but some are [[evergreen]]. Many of the species have sweetly-scented, bell-shaped [[flower]]s that produce a sweet, edible [[nectar]]. The [[fruit]] is a red, blue or black [[berry]] containing several seeds; in most species the berries are mildly [[poison]]ous, but a few (notably ''[[Lonicera caerulea]]'') have edible berries. The plant is eaten by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species - see [[list of Lepidoptera which feed on Honeysuckles]].
==Cultivation and uses==
''Lonicera xylosteum'' ([[Fly Honeysuckle]]) is a common [[Homeopathy|homeopathic]] remedy, used for [[asthma]], breathing difficulties and [[syphilis]]. ''Lonicera periclymenum'' (European honeysuckle) is an uncommon homeopathic remedy, used for irritability with violent outbursts.
Wood cuttings from the species ''Lonicera tartarica'', native to [[Eurasia]], are sold as [[cat]] toys. The wood contains [[nepetalactone]], which is the active ingredient found in [[catnip]]. Many breeds of cats react to the scent of the wood and will paw, lick or rub against it.
''Lonicera japonica'' and ''[[Lonicera maackii]]'' (Amur Honeysuckle) are considered [[invasive species|invasive weeds]] in the [[United States]] and in [[New Zealand]]. Honeysuckle can be controlled by cutting, flaming, or burning the plant to root level and repeating on two-week increments until nutrient reserves in the roots are depleted. Honeysuckle can also be controlled through annual applications of [[glyphosate]], or through grubbing if high labor and soil destruction are not of concern.
Honeysuckles are also eaten by children, who remove the blossom by hand to suck at the sweet nectar in the center.
Another name for honeysuckle is '''woodbine'''; and '''eglantine''' is used in Milton's ''[[L'Allegro]]''.
==Selected species==
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Lonicera acuminata]]''
*''[[Lonicera alberti]]''
*''[[Lonicera albiflora]]'' – White Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera alpigena]]'' – Alpine Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera altmannii]]''
*''[[Lonicera angustifolia]]''
*''[[Lonicera anisocalyx]]''
*''[[Lonicera arborea]]''
*''[[Lonicera arizonica]]'' – Arizona Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera biflora]]''
*''[[Lonicera bournei]]''
*''[[Lonicera brevisepala]]''
*''[[Lonicera buchananii]]''
*''[[Lonicera buddleioides]]''
*''[[Lonicera caerulea]]'' - Blue-berried Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera calcarata]]''
*''[[Lonicera calvescens]]''
*''[[Lonicera canadensis]]'' – American Fly Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera caprifolium]]'' – Perfoliate Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera carnosifolis]]''
*''[[Lonicera chrysantha]]'' – Chrysantha Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera ciliosa]]'' – Orange Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera ciliosissima]]''
*''[[Lonicera cinerea]]''
*''[[Lonice
ra codonantha]]''
*''[[Lonicera confusa]]''
*''[[Lonicera conjugialis]]'' – Purpleflower Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera crassifolia]]''
*''[[Lonicera cyanocarpa]]''
*''[[Lonicera dasystyla]]''
*''[[Lonicera dioica]]'' – Limber Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera elisae]]''
*''[[Lonicera etrusca]]'' – Etruscan honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera fargesii]]''
*''[[Lonicera ferdinandii]]''
*''[[Lonicera ferruginea]]''
*''[[Lonicera flava]]'' – Yellow Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera fragilis]]''
*''[[Lonicera fragrantissima]]'' – Winter Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera fulvotomentosa]]''
*''[[Lonicera glutinosa]]''
*''[[Lonicera graebneri]]''
*''[[Lonicera gynochlamydea]]''
*''[[Lonicera hellenica]]'' – Greek Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera hemsleyana]]''
*''[[Lonicera heterophylla]]''
*''[[Lonicera hildebrandiana]]''
*''[[Lonicera hirsuta]]'' – Hairy Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera hispida]]''
*''[[Lonicera hispidula]]'' – Pink Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera humilis]]''
*''[[Lonicera hypoglauca]]''
*''[[Lonicera hypoleuca]]''
*''[[Lonicera implexa]]'' –
*''[[Lonicera inconspicua]]''
*''[[Lonicera inodora]]''
*''[[Lonicera interrupta]]'' – Chaparral Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera involucrata]]'' – Bearberry honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera japonica]]'' – Japanese Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera jilongensis]]''
*''[[Lonicera kansuensis]]''
*''[[Lonicera kawakamii]]''
*''[[Lonicera korolkowii]]'' – Blueleaf Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera lanceolata]]''
*''[[Lonicera ligustrina]]''
*''[[Lonicera litangensis]]''
*''[[Lonicera longiflora]]''
|
*''[[Lonicera longituba]]''
*''[[Lonicera maackii]]'' – Amur Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera macrantha]]''
*''[[Lonicera macranthoides]]''
*''[[Lonicera maximowiczii]]''
*''[[Lonicera microphylla]]''
*''[[Lonicera minuta]]''
*''[[Lonicera minutifolia]]''
*''[[Lonicera modesta]]''
*''[[Lonicera morrowii]]'' – Morrows honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera mucronata]]''
*''[[Lonicera myrtillus]]''
*''[[Lonicera nervosa]]''
*''[[Lonicera nigra]]'' – Black-berried Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera nitida]]'' – Box honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera nubium]]''
*''[[Lonicera nummulariifolia]]''
*''[[Lonicera oblata]]''
*''[[Lonicera oblongifolia]]'' – Swamp Fly Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera oiwakensis]]''
*''[[Lonicera oreodoxa]]''
*''[[Lonicera orientalis]]''
*''[[Lonicera pampaninii]]''
*''[[Lonicera periclymenum]]'' – European honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera pileata]]'' – Privet honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera pilosa]]'' - Mexican Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera praeflorens]]''
*''[[Lonicera prostrata]]''
*''[[Lonicera pyrenaica]]''
*''[[Lonicera reticulata]]'' – Grape Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera retusa]]''
*''[[Lonicera rhytidophylla]]''
*''[[Lonicera rupicola]]''
*''[[Lonicera ruprechtiana]]'' – Manchurian Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera saccata]]''
*''[[Lonicera schneideriana]]''
*''[[Lonicera semenovii]]''
*''[[Lonicera sempervirens]]'' – Trumpet Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera serreana]]''
*''[[Lonicera setifera]]''
*''[[Lonicera similis]]''
*''[[Lonicera spinosa]]''
*''[[Lonicera splendida]]''
*''[[Lonicera standishii]]'' – Standishs Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera stephanocarpa]]''
*''[[Lonicera subaequalis]]''
*''[[Lonicera subhispida]]''
*''[[Lonicera sublabiata]]''
*''[[Lonicera subspicata]]'' – Southern Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera szechuanica]]''
*''[[Lonicera taipeiensis]]''
*''[[Lonicera tangutica]]''
*''[[Lonicera tatarica]]'' – Tartarian Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera tatarinowii]]''
*''[[Lonicera tomentella]]''
*''[[Lonicera tragophylla]]''
*''[[Lonicera tricalysioides]]''
*''[[Lonicera trichogyne]]''
*''[[Lonicera trichosantha]]''
*''[[Lonicera trichosepala]]''
*''[[Lonicera tubuliflora]]''
*''[[Lonicera utahensis]]'' – Utah Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera villosa]]'' – Mountain Fly Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera virgultorum]]''
*''[[Lonicera webbiana]]''
*''[[Lonicera xylosteum]]'' – Fly Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera yunnanensis]]''
|}
==Trivia==
*During Victorian times, teenage girls were forbidden to bring honeysuckle home because it was thought to induce erotic dreams.
==References==
{{commonscat|Caprifoliaceae}}
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Lonicera&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK=spe
cies Flora Europaea: ''Lonicera'']
*[http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=3&start_taxon_id=118877 Flora of China: ''Lonicera'' species list]
[[Category:Caprifoliaceae]]
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Honeysuckle
| image = honeysuckle_w_y.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Lonicera periclymenum]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Dipsacales]]
| familia = [[Caprifoliaceae]]
| genus = '''''Lonicera'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text - Selected Species
}}
'''Honeysuckles''' ([[genus (biology)|genus]] ''Lonicera''; [[synonymy|syn.]] ''Caprifolium'' [[Mill.]]) are arching [[shrub]]s or twining [[vine]]s in the family [[Caprifoliaceae]], native to the [[Northern Hemisphere]]. There are about 180 species of honeysuckle, with by far the greatest diversity in [[China]], where over 100 species occur; by comparison, [[Europe]] and [[North America]] have only about 20 native species each. Widely known species include ''[[Lonicera periclymenum]]'' (European Honeysuckle), ''[[Lonicera japonica]]'' (Japanese Honeysuckle, White Honeysuckle, or Chinese Honeysuckle) and ''[[Lonicera sempervirens]]'' (Coral Honeysuckle, Trumpet Honeysuckle, or Woodbine Honeysuckle).
The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, simple oval, and from 1–10 cm long; most are [[deciduous]] but some are [[evergreen]]. Many of the species have sweetly-scented, bell-shaped [[flower]]s that produce a sweet, edible [[nectar]]. The [[fruit]] is a red, blue or black [[berry]] containing several seeds; in most species the berries are mildly [[poison]]ous, but a few (notably ''[[Lonicera caerulea]]'') have edible berries. The plant is eaten by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species - see [[list of Lepidoptera which feed on Honeysuckles]].
==Cultivation and uses==
''Lonicera xylosteum'' ([[Fly Honeysuckle]]) is a common [[Homeopathy|homeopathic]] remedy, used for [[asthma]], breathing difficulties and [[syphilis]]. ''Lonicera periclymenum'' (European honeysuckle) is an uncommon homeopathic remedy, used for irritability with violent outbursts.
Wood cuttings from the species ''Lonicera tartarica'', native to [[Eurasia]], are sold as [[cat]] toys. The wood contains [[nepetalactone]], which is the active ingredient found in [[catnip]]. Many breeds of cats react to the scent of the wood and will paw, lick or rub against it.
''Lonicera japonica'' and ''[[Lonicera maackii]]'' (Amur Honeysuckle) are considered [[invasive species|invasive weeds]] in the [[United States]] and in [[New Zealand]]. Honeysuckle can be controlled by cutting, flaming, or burning the plant to root level and repeating on two-week increments until nutrient reserves in the roots are depleted. Honeysuckle can also be controlled through annual applications of [[glyphosate]], or through grubbing if high labor and soil destruction are not of concern.
Honeysuckles are also eaten by children, who remove the blossom by hand to suck at the sweet nectar in the center.
Another name for honeysuckle is '''woodbine'''; and '''eglantine''' is used in Milton's ''[[L'Allegro]]''.
==Selected species==
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Lonicera acuminata]]''
*''[[Lonicera alberti]]''
*''[[Lonicera albiflora]]'' – White Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera alpigena]]'' – Alpine Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera altmannii]]''
*''[[Lonicera angustifolia]]''
*''[[Lonicera anisocalyx]]''
*''[[Lonicera arborea]]''
*''[[Lonicera arizonica]]'' – Arizona Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera biflora]]''
*''[[Lonicera bournei]]''
*''[[Lonicera brevisepala]]''
*''[[Lonicera buchananii]]''
*''[[Lonicera buddleioides]]''
*''[[Lonicera caerulea]]'' - Blue-berried Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera calcarata]]''
*''[[Lonicera calvescens]]''
*''[[Lonicera canadensis]]'' – American Fly Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera caprifolium]]'' – Perfoliate Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera carnosifolis]]''
*''[[Lonicera chrysantha]]'' – Chrysantha Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera ciliosa]]'' – Orange Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera ciliosissima]]''
*''[[Lonicera cinerea]]''
*''[[Lonice
ra codonantha]]''
*''[[Lonicera confusa]]''
*''[[Lonicera conjugialis]]'' – Purpleflower Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera crassifolia]]''
*''[[Lonicera cyanocarpa]]''
*''[[Lonicera dasystyla]]''
*''[[Lonicera dioica]]'' – Limber Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera elisae]]''
*''[[Lonicera etrusca]]'' – Etruscan honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera fargesii]]''
*''[[Lonicera ferdinandii]]''
*''[[Lonicera ferruginea]]''
*''[[Lonicera flava]]'' – Yellow Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera fragilis]]''
*''[[Lonicera fragrantissima]]'' – Winter Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera fulvotomentosa]]''
*''[[Lonicera glutinosa]]''
*''[[Lonicera graebneri]]''
*''[[Lonicera gynochlamydea]]''
*''[[Lonicera hellenica]]'' – Greek Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera hemsleyana]]''
*''[[Lonicera heterophylla]]''
*''[[Lonicera hildebrandiana]]''
*''[[Lonicera hirsuta]]'' – Hairy Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera hispida]]''
*''[[Lonicera hispidula]]'' – Pink Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera humilis]]''
*''[[Lonicera hypoglauca]]''
*''[[Lonicera hypoleuca]]''
*''[[Lonicera implexa]]'' –
*''[[Lonicera inconspicua]]''
*''[[Lonicera inodora]]''
*''[[Lonicera interrupta]]'' – Chaparral Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera involucrata]]'' – Bearberry honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera japonica]]'' – Japanese Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera jilongensis]]''
*''[[Lonicera kansuensis]]''
*''[[Lonicera kawakamii]]''
*''[[Lonicera korolkowii]]'' – Blueleaf Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera lanceolata]]''
*''[[Lonicera ligustrina]]''
*''[[Lonicera litangensis]]''
*''[[Lonicera longiflora]]''
|
*''[[Lonicera longituba]]''
*''[[Lonicera maackii]]'' – Amur Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera macrantha]]''
*''[[Lonicera macranthoides]]''
*''[[Lonicera maximowiczii]]''
*''[[Lonicera microphylla]]''
*''[[Lonicera minuta]]''
*''[[Lonicera minutifolia]]''
*''[[Lonicera modesta]]''
*''[[Lonicera morrowii]]'' – Morrows honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera mucronata]]''
*''[[Lonicera myrtillus]]''
*''[[Lonicera nervosa]]''
*''[[Lonicera nigra]]'' – Black-berried Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera nitida]]'' – Box honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera nubium]]''
*''[[Lonicera nummulariifolia]]''
*''[[Lonicera oblata]]''
*''[[Lonicera oblongifolia]]'' – Swamp Fly Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera oiwakensis]]''
*''[[Lonicera oreodoxa]]''
*''[[Lonicera orientalis]]''
*''[[Lonicera pampaninii]]''
*''[[Lonicera periclymenum]]'' – European honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera pileata]]'' – Privet honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera pilosa]]'' - Mexican Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera praeflorens]]''
*''[[Lonicera prostrata]]''
*''[[Lonicera pyrenaica]]''
*''[[Lonicera reticulata]]'' – Grape Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera retusa]]''
*''[[Lonicera rhytidophylla]]''
*''[[Lonicera rupicola]]''
*''[[Lonicera ruprechtiana]]'' – Manchurian Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera saccata]]''
*''[[Lonicera schneideriana]]''
*''[[Lonicera semenovii]]''
*''[[Lonicera sempervirens]]'' – Trumpet Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera serreana]]''
*''[[Lonicera setifera]]''
*''[[Lonicera similis]]''
*''[[Lonicera spinosa]]''
*''[[Lonicera splendida]]''
*''[[Lonicera standishii]]'' – Standishs Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera stephanocarpa]]''
*''[[Lonicera subaequalis]]''
*''[[Lonicera subhispida]]''
*''[[Lonicera sublabiata]]''
*''[[Lonicera subspicata]]'' – Southern Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera szechuanica]]''
*''[[Lonicera taipeiensis]]''
*''[[Lonicera tangutica]]''
*''[[Lonicera tatarica]]'' – Tartarian Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera tatarinowii]]''
*''[[Lonicera tomentella]]''
*''[[Lonicera tragophylla]]''
*''[[Lonicera tricalysioides]]''
*''[[Lonicera trichogyne]]''
*''[[Lonicera trichosantha]]''
*''[[Lonicera trichosepala]]''
*''[[Lonicera tubuliflora]]''
*''[[Lonicera utahensis]]'' – Utah Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera villosa]]'' – Mountain Fly Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera virgultorum]]''
*''[[Lonicera webbiana]]''
*''[[Lonicera xylosteum]]'' – Fly Honeysuckle
*''[[Lonicera yunnanensis]]''
|}
==Trivia==
*During Victorian times, teenage girls were forbidden to bring honeysuckle home because it was thought to induce erotic dreams.
==References==
{{commonscat|Caprifoliaceae}}
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Lonicera&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK=spe
cies Flora Europaea: ''Lonicera'']
*[http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=3&start_taxon_id=118877 Flora of China: ''Lonicera'' species list]
[[Category:Caprifoliaceae]]