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Grey Alder (view source)

Revision as of 23:01, 22 September 2013

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Betulaceae
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| name = Grey Alder
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|genus=Alnus
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| image = Alnus incana rugosa leaves.jpg
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|species=incana
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| image_width = 240px
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|common_name=Gray alder
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| image_caption = Speckled Alder ''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''rugosa''
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|habit=tree
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| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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|Max ht box=70
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| ordo = [[Fagales]]
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|Max ht metric=ft
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| familia = [[Betulaceae]]
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|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| genus = ''[[Alder|Alnus]]''
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|Max wd box=30
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| species = '''''A. incana'''''
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|Max wd metric=ft
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| binomial = ''Alnus incana''
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|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Conrad Moench|Moench]]
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|lifespan=perennial
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|exposure=sun
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|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|features=fire resistant
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|min_zone=3
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|max_zone=9
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|image=Alnus incana rugosa leaves.jpg
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|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Speckled Alder ''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''rugosa''
 
}}
 
}}
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The '''Grey Alder''' or '''Speckled Alder''' (''Alnus incana'') is an [[alder]] with a wide range across the cooler parts of the [[Northern Hemisphere]]. It is a small to medium size [[tree]] 15-20 m tall with smooth grey bark even in old age, its life span being a maximum of 60-100 years. The [[leaf|leaves]] are matt green, ovoid, 5-11 cm long and 4-8 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are [[catkin]]s, appearing early in spring before the leaves emerge, the male catkins pendulous, 5-10 cm long, the female catkins 1.5 cm long and 1 cm broad when mature in late autumn. The [[seed]]s are small, 1-2 mm long, light brown with a narrow encircling wing. The Grey Alder has a shallow root system, and is marked not only by vigorous production of stump suckers, but also by root suckers, especially in the northern parts of its range.
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{{Inc|
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Alnus incana, Willd. Shrub or tree, to 60 ft. : branches pubescent: lvs. oval or oblong-ovate, acute, 1 1/4-4 in. long, doubly serrate, pubescent or nearly glabrous beneath: cones 4-8; mostly sessile, 1/2 in. long. Northern hemisphere, in different varieties.
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{{SCH}}
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}}
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The Grey Alder is a light-demanding, fast-growing tree that is very tolerant and grows well on poorer soils. In central Europe, it is a colonist of alluvial land alongside mountain brooks and streams, occurring at elevations up to 1500 metres. However, it does not require moist soil, and is a colonist of screes and shallow stony slopes. It is sometimes used for afforestation on non-fertile soils which it enriches by means of its nitrogen-fixing nodules. The wood resembles that of the common alder, but is somewhat paler and of little value.
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==Cultivation==
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There are four to six subspecies, some treated as separate species by some authors:
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
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There are four to six subspecies, some treated as separate species by some authors{{wp}}:
 
*''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''incana'' (Grey Alder). Northern [[Europe]] and northwestern [[Asia]], and central and southern Europe in mountains, mainly in the regions of the [[Alps]], [[Carpathian |Carpathians]] and the [[Caucasus]].
 
*''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''incana'' (Grey Alder). Northern [[Europe]] and northwestern [[Asia]], and central and southern Europe in mountains, mainly in the regions of the [[Alps]], [[Carpathian |Carpathians]] and the [[Caucasus]].
 
*''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''hirsuta'' (''A. hirsuta''; Manchurian Alder). Northeastern [[Asia]], and central Asia in mountains.
 
*''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''hirsuta'' (''A. hirsuta''; Manchurian Alder). Northeastern [[Asia]], and central Asia in mountains.
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*''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''tenuifolia'' (''A. tenuifolia''; Thinleaf Alder or Mountain Alder). Northwestern [[North America]].
 
*''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''tenuifolia'' (''A. tenuifolia''; Thinleaf Alder or Mountain Alder). Northwestern [[North America]].
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Several species of [[List of Lepidoptera which feed on Alders|Lepidoptera]] use Grey Alder as a food plant.
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From SCH{{SCH}}:
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Var. glauca, Ait. (A. glauca, Michx.). Shrub, to 12 ft.: lvs. often nearly glabrous beneath. N. Amer., Eu. Em. 251.
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Var. vulgaris, Spach. Tree, to 50 ft.: lvs. usually densely pubescent beneath: cones 1 in. long. Eu., Asia.
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Var. pinnatifida, Spach (var. laciniata, Hort.). Lvs. pinnately lobed or cleft, with dentate lobes.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Alnus&SPECIES_XREF=incana&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Alnus incana'']
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500033 Flora of North America: ''Alnus incana'']
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Betulaceae]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Flora of Estonia]]
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[[Category:Trees of Canada|Alder, Grey]]
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[[Category:Trees of Western United States|Alder, Grey]]
 
Kirka
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