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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Green Ash
| image = Fraxinus pennsylvanica.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Green Ash leaf and [[bark]]
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Oleaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Fraxinus]]''
| species = '''''F. pennsylvanica'''''
| binomial = ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica''
| binomial_authority = Marsh.
}}
'''Green Ash''', '''Red Ash''', or '''Swamp Ash''' is a species of [[ash tree|ash]] native to [[Eastern United States|eastern]] and [[Central United States|central]] [[North America]], from central [[Saskatchewan]] and southern [[Quebec]] south to eastern [[Texas]] and northern [[Florida]]; also the [[Western United States|western]] U.S. states of [[Montana]], [[Utah]], and [[New Mexico]], eastward. It is common in the wet soils of swamps, river valleys that are submerged part of the year, and in swamp forests.
It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] reaching 15-25 m (45-75 ft.) tall with a trunk up to 50 cm in diameter. The tree's autumn color is an attractive golden-yellow, and the tree is usually the earliest to change color, sometimes being in autumn color as early as [[Labor Day (United States)|Labor Day]]. The [[flower]]s are produced in spring at the same time as the new leaves, in compact [[panicle]]s; they are inconspicuous with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The [[fruit]] is a [[Samara (fruit)|samara]] comprising a single [[seed]] 1.5-2 cm long with an elongated apical wing 2-3 cm long and 5-7 mm broad.
It is sometimes divided into two varieties (Red Ash and Green Ash) on the basis of the narrower leaflets of the latter, but the two intergrade completely, and the distinction is no longer upheld by most botanists.
It is seriously threatened in some areas, particularly [[Michigan]], by the [[emerald ash borer]], a [[beetle]] introduced accidentally from [[Asia]].
==Uses==
Green Ash is one of the most widely planted [[ornamental plant|ornamental trees]] throughout the [[United States]] and much of [[Canada]], including in western areas where it is not native. 40% of boulevard trees in [[Edmonton, Alberta]] are Green Ash.[http://www.rewedmonton.ca/content_view_rew?CONTENT_ID=1214] It has several drawbacks as an urban tree, notably a relatively short lifespan compared to many trees (rarely over 100 years, often only 30-50 years), and (recently) the threat from the emerald ash borer. Advantages include its tolerance of urban conditions, ease of propagation, and (in eastern North America) its value for wildlife as a native species.
[[Category:Oleaceae]]
[[Category:Trees of Eastern Texas|ash,Green]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Green Ash
| image = Fraxinus pennsylvanica.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Green Ash leaf and [[bark]]
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Oleaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Fraxinus]]''
| species = '''''F. pennsylvanica'''''
| binomial = ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica''
| binomial_authority = Marsh.
}}
'''Green Ash''', '''Red Ash''', or '''Swamp Ash''' is a species of [[ash tree|ash]] native to [[Eastern United States|eastern]] and [[Central United States|central]] [[North America]], from central [[Saskatchewan]] and southern [[Quebec]] south to eastern [[Texas]] and northern [[Florida]]; also the [[Western United States|western]] U.S. states of [[Montana]], [[Utah]], and [[New Mexico]], eastward. It is common in the wet soils of swamps, river valleys that are submerged part of the year, and in swamp forests.
It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] reaching 15-25 m (45-75 ft.) tall with a trunk up to 50 cm in diameter. The tree's autumn color is an attractive golden-yellow, and the tree is usually the earliest to change color, sometimes being in autumn color as early as [[Labor Day (United States)|Labor Day]]. The [[flower]]s are produced in spring at the same time as the new leaves, in compact [[panicle]]s; they are inconspicuous with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The [[fruit]] is a [[Samara (fruit)|samara]] comprising a single [[seed]] 1.5-2 cm long with an elongated apical wing 2-3 cm long and 5-7 mm broad.
It is sometimes divided into two varieties (Red Ash and Green Ash) on the basis of the narrower leaflets of the latter, but the two intergrade completely, and the distinction is no longer upheld by most botanists.
It is seriously threatened in some areas, particularly [[Michigan]], by the [[emerald ash borer]], a [[beetle]] introduced accidentally from [[Asia]].
==Uses==
Green Ash is one of the most widely planted [[ornamental plant|ornamental trees]] throughout the [[United States]] and much of [[Canada]], including in western areas where it is not native. 40% of boulevard trees in [[Edmonton, Alberta]] are Green Ash.[http://www.rewedmonton.ca/content_view_rew?CONTENT_ID=1214] It has several drawbacks as an urban tree, notably a relatively short lifespan compared to many trees (rarely over 100 years, often only 30-50 years), and (recently) the threat from the emerald ash borer. Advantages include its tolerance of urban conditions, ease of propagation, and (in eastern North America) its value for wildlife as a native species.
[[Category:Oleaceae]]
[[Category:Trees of Eastern Texas|ash,Green]]
