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{{Taxobox
{{SPlantbox
| color = lightgreen
|familia=Oleaceae
| name = Green Ash
|genus=Fraxinus
| image = Fraxinus pennsylvanica.jpg
|species=pennsylvanica
| image_width = 240px
|taxo_author=Marshall
| image_caption = Green Ash leaf and [[bark]]
|common_name=Green Ash, Red Ash
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
|habit=tree
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
|Max ht box=70
| familia = [[Oleaceae]]
|Max ht metric=ft
| genus = ''[[Fraxinus]]''
|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
| species = '''''F. pennsylvanica'''''
|Max wd box=70
| binomial = ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica''
|Max wd metric=ft
| binomial_authority = Marsh.
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|lifespan=perennial
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|exposure=sun
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|water=moist, moderate
|water_ref=Complete Landscaping - ISBN 9780376009272
|features=deciduous
|Temp Metric=°F
|min_zone=4
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
|max_zone=10
|image=Fraxinus pensylvanica a1.jpg
|image_width=240
}}
}}
'''''Fraxinus pennsylvanica''''' ('''Green Ash''' or '''Red Ash''') is a species of [[ash tree|ash]] native to eastern and central [[North America]], from [[Nova Scotia]] west to southeastern [[Alberta]] and eastern [[Colorado]], south to northern [[Florida]], and southwest to eastern [[Texas]].<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?306 ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'']</ref>
It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] reaching 12-25 m (rarely to 45 m) tall with a trunk up to 60 cm in diameter. The [[bark]] is smooth and gray on young trees, becoming thick and fissured with age. The winter buds are reddish-brown, with a velvety texture. The [[leaf|leaves]] are 15-30 cm long, pinnately compound with seven to nine (occasionally five or eleven) leaflets, these 5–15 cm (rarely 18 cm) long and 1.2–9 cm broad, with serrated margins and short but distinct, downy [[petiole (botany)|petiolules]] a few millimeters long. They are green both above and below. The autumn color is golden-yellow, and the tree is usually the earliest to change color, sometimes being in autumn color as early as [[Labor Day (United States)|Labor Day]]. The [[flower]]s are produced in spring at the same time as the new leaves, in compact [[panicle]]s; they are inconspicuous with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The [[fruit]] is a [[Samara (fruit)|samara]] 2.5-7.5 cm long comprising a single [[seed]] 1.5-3 cm long with an elongated apical wing 2-4 cm long and 3-7 mm broad.<ref name=ncp>Common Trees of the North Carolina Piedmont: [http://www.ibiblio.org/openkey/intkey/web/FRPE.htm ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'']</ref><ref name=nopd>Northern Ontario Plant Database: [http://www.northernontarioflora.ca/description.cfm?speciesid=1000494 ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'']</ref><ref name=vplants>Virtual Herbarium of the Chicago Region: [http://www.vplants.org/plants/species/species.jsp?gid=17021 ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'']</ref><ref name=obs>Oklahoma Biological Survey: [http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/shrub/fram2.htm ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'']</ref>
It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] reaching 15-25 m (45-75 ft.) tall with a trunk up to 50 cm in diameter. The tree's autumn color is an attractive golden-yellow, and the tree is usually the earliest to change color, sometimes being in autumn color as early as [[Labor Day (United States)|Labor Day]]. The [[flower]]s are produced in spring at the same time as the new leaves, in compact [[panicle]]s; they are inconspicuous with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The [[fruit]] is a [[Samara (fruit)|samara]] comprising a single [[seed]] 1.5-2 cm long with an elongated apical wing 2-3 cm long and 5-7 mm broad.
It is sometimes divided into two [[variety (botany)|varieties]], ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'' var. ''pennsylvanica'' (Red Ash) and ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'' var. ''lanceolata'' (Borkh.) Sarg. (syn. var. ''subintegerrima'' (Vahl) Fern.; Green Ash) on the basis of the hairless leaves with narrower leaflets of the latter, but the two intergrade completely, and the distinction is no longer upheld by most botanists.<ref name=grin/>
It is sometimes divided into two varieties (Red Ash and Green Ash) on the basis of the narrower leaflets of the latter, but the two intergrade completely, and the distinction is no longer upheld by most botanists.
Green Ash is one of the most widely planted [[ornamental plant|ornamental trees]] throughout the [[United States]] and much of [[Canada]], including in western areas where it is not native. Is also widely planted in [[Argentina]]. It is very popular due to its good form and resistance to disease. It has several drawbacks as an urban tree, notably a relatively short lifespan compared to many trees (rarely over 100 years, often only 30-50 years), and more recently, the threat from the emerald ash borer. Advantages include its tolerance of urban conditions, ease of propagation, and (in eastern North America) its value for wildlife as a native species.
{{Inc|
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Marsh. (F. pubescens, Lam.). Red Ash. Tree, to 60 ft.: brancnlets and petioles pubescent: lfts. 5-9, stalked, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, crenately serrate or entire, pubescent beneath, 3-6 in. long: fr. linear-spatulate, about 2 in. long, with somewhat decurrent wing. Canada to Fla., west to Dakota and Mo. 8.8.6:271.—This species varies considerably in the amount of pubescence and the shape of the lfts., and many forms under different names are grown in European nurseries and gardens. Var. aucubaefolia, Hort., is a form with less pubescent lvs., blotched yellow. There are also variegated forms with the lvs. blotched white or edged white.
{{SCH}}
}}
==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
<!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc -->
==Gallery==
{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->
<gallery>
Image:Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Bark 2000px.jpg|Bark
Image:Fraxinus pennsylvanica.jpg|Bark and leaf
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
</gallery>
==References==
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
==Uses==
==External links==
*{{wplink}}
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