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− | __NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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− | | name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name --> | + | |familia=Poaceae |
− | | common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank --> | + | |genus=Saccharum |
− | | growth_habit = <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --> | + | |habit=grass |
− | | high = <!--- 1m (3 ft) --> | + | |habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia |
− | | wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --> | + | |lifespan=perennial |
− | | origin = <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --> | + | |life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia |
− | | poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
| + | |exposure=sun |
− | | lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
| + | |features=edible |
− | | exposure = <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --> | + | |Temp Metric=°F |
− | | water = <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
| + | |jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks! |
− | | features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --> | + | |image=Cut sugarcane.jpg |
− | | hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --> | + | |image_width=240 |
− | | bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --> | |
− | | usda_zones = <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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− | | sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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− | | color = IndianRed
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− | | image = Upload.png <!--- Freesia.jpg --> | |
− | | image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --> | |
− | | image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
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− | | regnum = Plantae <!--- Kingdom -->
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− | | divisio = <!--- Phylum -->
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− | | classis = <!--- Class -->
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− | | ordo = <!--- Order -->
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− | | familia = <!--- Family -->
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− | {{edit-desc}}<!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line -->
| + | '''Sugarcane''' is any of six to thirty-seven species (depending on taxonomic system) of tall [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[Poaceae|grasses]] of the genus ''Saccharum'' (family [[Poaceae]], tribe [[Andropogoneae]]). Native to warm temperate to tropical regions of [[Asia]], they have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in [[sugar]], and measure two to six meters (six to nineteen feet) tall. All sugar [[cane]] species interbreed, and the major commercial [[cultivar]]s are complex [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]]. |
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| {{Inc| | | {{Inc| |
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| Saccharum (saccharon, old Greek name for sugar). Gramineae. The sugar-cane group, little grown for ornament, although making bold specimens. | | Saccharum (saccharon, old Greek name for sugar). Gramineae. The sugar-cane group, little grown for ornament, although making bold specimens. |
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− | <!-- Remove the following line if this is a genus article, leave if it is a species and replace GENUS NAME HERE -->
| + | {{Inc| |
− | :''More information about this species can be found on the [[GENUSNAMEHERE|genus page]].''
| + | syn. Erianthus (Greek, erion, wool, and anthos, a flower). Gramineae. Plume-grabs. Tall reed-like ornamental perennials with large woolly plume-like inflorescence. |
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| + | Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the other pedicellate, as in Andropogon, arranged in spikes, and these in a large terminal panicle, clothed with long hairs, especially around the base, the fertile lemma awned.—Species about 18, warmer regions of both hemispheres. |
| + | }} |
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| ==Cultivation== | | ==Cultivation== |
− | {{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> | + | [[Image:Sugar cane madeira hg.jpg|thumb|left|Sugar cane field on [[Madeira]]|alt=Photo of standing and fallen cane]] |
| + | Sugarcane cultivation requires a [[tropical]] or [[temperate]] climate, with a minimum of {{convert|60|cm|in}} of annual moisture. It is one of the most [[Photosynthetic efficiency|efficient]] [[Photosynthesis|photosynthesizers]] in the [[plant kingdom]]. |
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| + | Harvesters by cutting the cane just above ground-level using [[cane knife|cane knives]] or [[machete]]s. |
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| + | Once cut, sugarcane begins to lose its sugar content. |
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| ===Propagation=== | | ===Propagation=== |
− | {{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
| + | Although sugarcanes produce seeds, modern stem cutting has become the most common reproduction method. Each cutting must contain at least one bud. Once planted, a stand can be harvested several times; after each harvest, the cane sends up new stalks, called '''ratoons.''' Successive harvests give decreasing yields, eventually justifying replanting. Two to ten harvests may be possible between plantings. |
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| ===Pests and diseases=== | | ===Pests and diseases=== |
− | {{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
| + | The cane grub can substantially reduce crop yield by eating roots; it can be controlled with [[Confidor]] or [[Lorsban]]. Other important pests are the [[larva]]e of some [[lepidoptera|butterfly/moth]] species, including the [[turnip moth]], the [[sugarcane borer]] (''Diatraea saccharalis''), the Mexican rice borer (''Eoreuma loftini''); leaf-cutting ants, [[termites]], [[spittlebug]]s (especially ''Mahanarva fimbriolata'' and ''Deois flavopicta''), and the [[beetle]] ''Migdolus fryanus''. The planthopper insect ''[[Eumetopina flavipes]]'' acts as a [[phytoplasma]] vector, which causes the sugarcane disease [[ramu stunt]].<ref>[http://www.biology.ox.ac.uk/sugarcane_nov.html ''Eumetopina flavipes'' and Ramu Stunt]</ref> |
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| + | Numerous pathogens infect sugarcane. See the [[List of sugarcane diseases|list of sugarcane diseases]]. [[Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Disease|Grassy Shoot Disease]] [[(SCGS)]] caused by ''[[Phytoplasma]]'', [[Whiptail disease]] caused by [[smut]] (''[[Ustilago scitaminea]]''), [[Pokkah Boeng]] caused by ''[[Fusarium moniliforme]]'', [[Red Rot]] disease caused by ''[[Colletotrichum falcatum]]'' are important and widely found diseases of sugarcane. Among [[viruses]], [[Sugarcane mosaic virus]], [[Maize streak virus]], [[Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus]] are found seldom. |
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| ==Species== | | ==Species== |
− | <!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc -->
| + | 37 species{{RHS}} including: |
| + | *''[[Saccharum arundinaceum]]'' |
| + | *''[[Saccharum bengalense]]'' |
| + | *''[[Saccharum edule]]'' |
| + | *''[[Saccharum officinarum]]'' |
| + | *''[[Saccharum procerum]]'' |
| + | *''[[Saccharum ravennae]]'' |
| + | *''[[Saccharum robustum]]'' |
| + | *''[[Saccharum sinense]]'' |
| + | *''[[Saccharum spontaneum]]'' |
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| ==Gallery== | | ==Gallery== |
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| {{stub}} | | {{stub}} |
− | [[Category:Categorize]]
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− | <!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! -->
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