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{{SPlantbox
| name = ''Saccharum officinarum''
|familia=Poaceae
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
|genus=Saccharum
| growth_habit = grass
|species=officinarum
| high = 6m (? ft){{RHS}}
|common_name=Sugar cane
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| origin = SE Asia, Polynesia{{RHS}}
|habit=grass
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| lifespan = perennial
|Min ht box=12
| exposure = <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
|Min ht metric=ft
| water = <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
|Max ht box=20
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
|Max ht metric=ft
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
|Min wd box=3
| usda_zones = <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
|Min wd metric=ft
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
|Max wd box=6
| color = IndianRed
|Max wd metric=ft
| image = Upload.png <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
|lifespan=perennial
| image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
|exposure=sun
| regnum = Plantae
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|phylum = Magnoliophyta
|flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer
|unranked_classis = Monocots
|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|unranked_ordo = Commelinids
|Temp Metric=°F
|ordo = Poales
|min_zone=9
|familia = Poaceae
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|genus = Saccharum
|max_zone=12
| species = officinarum
|image=Cut sugarcane.jpg
| subspecies =
|image_width=240
}}
}}
'''Sugarcane''' is any of six to thirty-seven species (depending on taxonomic system) of tall [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[Poaceae|grasses]] of the genus ''Saccharum'' (family [[Poaceae]], tribe [[Andropogoneae]]). Native to warm temperate to tropical regions of [[Asia]], they have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in [[sugar]], and measure two to six meters (six to nineteen feet) tall. All sugar [[cane]] species interbreed, and the major commercial [[cultivar]]s are complex [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]].
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
[[Saccharum]] officinarum, Linn. Sugar-cane. St. 8-20 ft. high, 1-2 in. thick. Dept. Agric., Div. Agrost., Bull. 20:18. G.W. 8:261 (under the name S. officinale).—The different cult. varieties are distinguished by color and height of st.
[[Saccharum]] officinarum, Linn. Sugar-cane. St. 8-20 ft. high, 1-2 in. thick. —The different cult. varieties are distinguished by color and height of st.
}}
}}
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
[[Image:Sugar cane madeira hg.jpg|thumb|left|Sugar cane field on [[Madeira]]|alt=Photo of standing and fallen cane]]
Sugarcane cultivation requires a [[tropical]] or [[temperate]] climate, with a minimum of {{convert|60|cm|in}} of annual moisture. It is one of the most [[Photosynthetic efficiency|efficient]] [[Photosynthesis|photosynthesizers]] in the [[plant kingdom]].
Harvesters by cutting the cane just above ground-level using [[cane knife|cane knives]] or [[machete]]s.
Once cut, sugarcane begins to lose its sugar content.
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
Although sugarcanes produce seeds, modern stem cutting has become the most common reproduction method. Each cutting must contain at least one bud. Once planted, a stand can be harvested several times; after each harvest, the cane sends up new stalks, called '''ratoons.''' Successive harvests give decreasing yields, eventually justifying replanting. Two to ten harvests may be possible between plantings.
===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
The cane grub can substantially reduce crop yield by eating roots; it can be controlled with [[Confidor]] or [[Lorsban]]. Other important pests are the [[larva]]e of some [[lepidoptera|butterfly/moth]] species, including the [[turnip moth]], the [[sugarcane borer]] (''Diatraea saccharalis''), the Mexican rice borer (''Eoreuma loftini''); leaf-cutting ants, [[termites]], [[spittlebug]]s (especially ''Mahanarva fimbriolata'' and ''Deois flavopicta''), and the [[beetle]] ''Migdolus fryanus''. The planthopper insect ''[[Eumetopina flavipes]]'' acts as a [[phytoplasma]] vector, which causes the sugarcane disease [[ramu stunt]].<ref>[http://www.biology.ox.ac.uk/sugarcane_nov.html ''Eumetopina flavipes'' and Ramu Stunt]</ref>
Numerous pathogens infect sugarcane. See the [[List of sugarcane diseases|list of sugarcane diseases]]. [[Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Disease|Grassy Shoot Disease]] [[(SCGS)]] caused by ''[[Phytoplasma]]'', [[Whiptail disease]] caused by [[smut]] (''[[Ustilago scitaminea]]''), [[Pokkah Boeng]] caused by ''[[Fusarium moniliforme]]'', [[Red Rot]] disease caused by ''[[Colletotrichum falcatum]]'' are important and widely found diseases of sugarcane. Among [[viruses]], [[Sugarcane mosaic virus]], [[Maize streak virus]], [[Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus]] are found seldom.
==Species==
==Varieties==
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