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{{SPlantbox
| name = ''LATINNAME'' <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
|familia=Caprifoliaceae
| common_names = <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
|genus=Sambucus
| growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
|species=racemosa
| high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
|common_name=European red elder, Red elderberry
| wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
|habit=shrub
| poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
|Max ht box=12
| exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
|Max ht metric=ft
| water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
|Max wd box=12
| hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
|Max wd metric=ft
| bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
|lifespan=perennial
| sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| color = IndianRed
|exposure=sun
| image = Upload.png <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
|features=deciduous, flowers
| image_caption = <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
|flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring, early summer, mid summer, late summer
| regnum = Plantae <!--- Kingdom -->
|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| divisio = <!--- Phylum -->
|flowers=white
| classis = <!--- Class -->
|Temp Metric=°F
| ordo = <!--- Order -->
|min_zone=4
| familia = <!--- Family -->
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
| genus =
|max_zone=9
| species =
|image=Sambucus racemosa a1.jpg
| subspecies =
|image_width=240
}}
}}
'''''Sambucus racemosa''''' is a species of [[Sambucus|elderberry]] known by the common name '''red elderberry'''. It is native to Europe, temperate Asia, and the northern half of North America.<ref name=grin>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?33001 GRIN Species Profile]</ref> It grows in [[Riparian zone|riparian]] environments, woodlands, and other habitat, generally in moist areas.<ref name=npin>[http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=sara2 NPIN Database]</ref> This often treelike [[shrub]] grows 2 to 6 meters tall. The stems are soft with a [[pith]]y center. Each individual leaf is composed of 5 to 7 leaflike leaflets, each of which is up to 16 centimeters long, lance-shaped to narrowly oval, and irregularly serrated along the edges. The leaflets have a strong disagreeable odor when crushed.<ref name= duke>[http://www.duke.edu/~cwcook/trees/sara.html Duke Photo Profile: var. ''pubens'']</ref> The [[inflorescence]] is a vaguely cone-shaped [[panicle]] of several cymes of flowers blooming from the ends of stem branches. The flower buds are pink when closed, and the open flowers are white, cream, or yellowish. Each flower has small, recurved petals and a star-shaped axis of five white [[stamen]]s tipped in yellow anthers. The flowers are fragrant and visited by [[hummingbird]]s and [[Butterfly|butterflies]].<ref name=npin/> The fruit is a bright red or sometimes purple [[drupe]] containing 3 to 5 seeds. The fruits are popular with birds, who distribute the seeds.<ref name=pojar>Pojar, J. & A. MacKinnon. (1994). ''Plants of the Pacific Northwest''. Lone Pine Publishing. ISBN 1-55105-042-0</ref>
Many parts of this plant are [[toxin|poisonous]], and have been used as a traditional [[vomiting|emetic]].<ref name=npin/> The fruits are reportedly safe to eat when cooked, and were savored by the [[Gitxsan]] in a variety of recipes.<ref name=npin/>
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{{Inc|
Sambucus racemosa, Linn. Red-berried Elder. Shrub, to 12 ft.: branches light brown; young branchlets glabrous or nearly so, 2-3 1/2 in. long: infl. ovate or oblong, dense: lfts. 5-7, ovate or elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, 2-3 in. long: fls. yellowish white: fr. scarlet, 1/4 in. across, 3-seeded; nutlets yellowish white, minutely rugose. April, May; fr. in June, July. Eu. to E. Asia. Var. nana, Carr. Dwarf compact form. Var. plumosa, Carr. Lfts. incisely serrate to about the middle, teeth long and narrow, purplish when unfolding. Var. plumoso-aurea Weezelenburg (var. serratifolia aurea, Barbier). Foliage like that of the preceding form, but golden yellow. Var. ornata, Carr. (var. pteridifolia, Carr.). The first lvs. of the shoot are like those of var. plumosa, the later ones more finely dissected like var. laciniata. Var. laciniata, W. Koch (var. serratifolia, Hort.). Lfts. regularly and deeply dissected, green when unfolding.Var. tenuifolia, Carr. Lvs. finely and deeply dissected with very narrow segms., purplish when unfolding. Var. purpurea, Sweet (S. rosiflora, Carr.). Fls. purplish or pink outside, purple in bud. Var. flavescens, Sweet (var. xanthocarpa, Zabel). Fr. yellow with orange cheek. — This species, like the following, is not conspicuous in bloom, but the clusters of scarlet fr. are very attractive in June and July. The cut-leaved forms are very graceful.
Sambucus racemosa, Linn. Red-berried Elder. Shrub, to 12 ft.: branches light brown; young branchlets glabrous or nearly so, 2-3 1/2 in. long: infl. ovate or oblong, dense: lfts. 5-7, ovate or elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, 2-3 in. long: fls. yellowish white: fr. scarlet, 1/4 in. across, 3-seeded; nutlets yellowish white, minutely rugose. April, May; fr. in June, July. Eu. to E. Asia. H.W. 3, p. 133. R.F.G. 12:781. Var. nana, Carr. Dwarf compact form. Var. plumosa, Carr. Lfts. incisely serrate to about the middle, teeth long and narrow, purplish when unfolding. Var. plumoso-aurea Weezelenburg (var. serratifolia aurea, Barbier). Foliage like that of the preceding form, but golden yellow. Var. ornata, Carr. (var. pteridifolia, Carr.). The first lvs. of the shoot are like those of var. plumosa, the later ones more finely dissected like var. laciniata. Var. laciniata, W. Koch (var. serratifolia, Hort.). Lfts. regularly and deeply dissected, green when unfolding. R.F.G. 12:781. Var. tenuifolia, Carr. Lvs. finely and deeply dissected with very narrow segms., purplish when unfolding. Var. purpurea, Sweet (S. rosiflora, Carr.). Fls. purplish or pink outside, purple in bud. G. 3:175. Var. flavescens, Sweet (var. xanthocarpa, Zabel). Fr. yellow with orange cheek. M.D. 1909:8, fig. 6. — This species, like the following, is not conspicuous in bloom, but the clusters of scarlet fr. are very attractive in June and July. The cut-leaved forms are very graceful.
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==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
==Species==
==Varieties==
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery perrow=5>
File:Sambucus racemosa 20090629.jpg
File:Sambucus racemosa2.jpg
File:Sambucus racemosa.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>
==References==
==References==
<references/>
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
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