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Callistemon (view source)

Revision as of 23:17, 12 May 2009

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Callistemon''
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| common_names = Bottlebrush
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Red_bottle_brush.jpg
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Red bottlebrush flower
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Myrtales
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| familia = Myrtaceae
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| genus = Callistemon
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| species =
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| subspecies =
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| cultivar =
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
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[[Image:Bottlebrush seeds.jpg|thumb|Bottlebrush seed capsules]]
 
Callistemon (Greek, kallos, beauty; stemon, a stamen; in most of the species the stamens are of a beautiful scarlet or crimson color). Myrtaceae. Bottle- Brush. Ornamental shrubs, thriving without irrigation in California, where they are hardy and much used; also planted to some extent elsewhere in warm climates and occasionally seen under glass.
 
Callistemon (Greek, kallos, beauty; stemon, a stamen; in most of the species the stamens are of a beautiful scarlet or crimson color). Myrtaceae. Bottle- Brush. Ornamental shrubs, thriving without irrigation in California, where they are hardy and much used; also planted to some extent elsewhere in warm climates and occasionally seen under glass.
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Leaves alternate, entire, lanceolate or linear, mostly with oil- or resin-dots and fragrant when crushed: fls. in dense cylindric spikes, at first terminal but the axis growing out as a leafy shoot; calyx-teeth 5; petals 5, deciduous; stamens indefinite in number, not united; anthers versatile, the cells parallel and bursting longitudinally; ovary inferior, maturing into a caps. which persists for several years.—About 25 species, natives of Austral., where they inhabit arid districts. Distinguished from Melaleuca only by the stamens, which in that genus are united into bundles. Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 4:22.
 
Leaves alternate, entire, lanceolate or linear, mostly with oil- or resin-dots and fragrant when crushed: fls. in dense cylindric spikes, at first terminal but the axis growing out as a leafy shoot; calyx-teeth 5; petals 5, deciduous; stamens indefinite in number, not united; anthers versatile, the cells parallel and bursting longitudinally; ovary inferior, maturing into a caps. which persists for several years.—About 25 species, natives of Austral., where they inhabit arid districts. Distinguished from Melaleuca only by the stamens, which in that genus are united into bundles. Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 4:22.
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The showy flower-clusters, resembling bottle- brushes in shape, and so giving the common name to the genus, are highly colored and render these shrubs very ornamental. The quantity of bloom may be much increased by judicious autumn pruning. The various species are recommended for parks, depot-grounds, school - yards, and also for smaller yards if kept well pruned. Hardy only in warm-temperate districts but enduring temperatures less than 20° F.
 
The showy flower-clusters, resembling bottle- brushes in shape, and so giving the common name to the genus, are highly colored and render these shrubs very ornamental. The quantity of bloom may be much increased by judicious autumn pruning. The various species are recommended for parks, depot-grounds, school - yards, and also for smaller yards if kept well pruned. Hardy only in warm-temperate districts but enduring temperatures less than 20° F.
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Propagation from seeds is satisfactory: these are gathered during the summer months by allowing the capsules to open in boxes or on sheets of paper kept in a warm place; sow in early spring in finely sifted mixture of sand, leaf-mold, and loam, and cover very lightly; the ordinary cool greenhouse is warm enough. Some nurserymen state that plants from cuttings of ripened wood or of wood which is getting firm at the base will blossom earlier than seedlings; others find no advantage in this method. Although adapted to nearly every variety of soil, these plants make but slow growth in heavy clay.
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{{Taxobox
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Propagation from seeds is satisfactory: these are gathered during the summer months by allowing the capsules to open in boxes or on sheets of paper kept in a warm place; sow in early spring in finely sifted mixture of sand, leaf-mold, and loam, and cover very lightly; the ordinary cool greenhouse is warm enough. Some nurserymen state that plants from cuttings of ripened wood or of wood which is getting firm at the base will blossom earlier than seedlings; others find no advantage in this method. Although adapted to nearly every variety of soil, these plants make but slow growth in heavy clay.{{SCH}}
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = Bottlebrush
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| image = Red_bottle_brush.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_caption = Red bottlebrush flower
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Myrtales]]
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| familia = [[Myrtaceae]]
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| genus = '''''Callistemon'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist)|R.Br.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =
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See text
   
}}
 
}}
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'''Bottlebrush''' (''Callistemon'') is a [[genus]] with 34 species of [[shrub]]s in the family [[Myrtaceae]]. The majority of ''Callistemon'' species are [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to [[Australia]]; four species are also found in [[New Caledonia]]. They are commonly referred to as ''bottlebrushes'' because of their cylindrical, brush like [[flowers]] resembling a traditional [[bottle]] [[brush]]. They are found in the more [[temperate]] regions of Australia, mostly along the east coast and south-west, and typically favour moist conditions so when planted in gardens thrive on regular watering. However, at least some of the species are [[drought]]-resistant.
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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[[Image:Bottlebrush seeds.jpg|thumb|left|Bottlebrush seed capsules]]
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Callistemons can be propagated either by [[cuttings]] (some species more easily than others), or from the rounded [[seeds]]. Flowering is normally in [[Spring (season)|Spring]] and early [[Summer]] (October-December), but conditions may cause flowering at other times of the year. The obvious parts of the [[flower]] masses are [[stamen]]s, with the [[pollen]] at the tip of the filament; the [[petal]]s are inconspicuous (see picture). Flower heads vary in colour with species; most are red, but some are yellow, green, orange or white. Each flower head produces a profusion of triple-celled seed capsules around a stem (see picture) which remain on the plant with the seeds enclosed until stimulated to open when the plant dies or [[wildfire|fire]] causes the release of the seeds. (A few species release the seeds annually.)
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They are relatively slow growing though in time the larger species can grow up to 15 metres. Some are ground-hugging, and grow to only 0.5 metre. The leaves are [[leaf shape|linear]] to [[leaf shape|lanceolate]] and are not shed in the winter. The spiked ends can cause skin scratches when brushed past.
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They have been grown in Europe since a specimen of ''Callistemon citrinus'' was introduced to [[Kew Gardens]] in London by [[Joseph Banks]] in [[1789]].
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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In Australia, ''Callistemon'' species are sometimes used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of [[Hepialidae|hepialid]] [[moth]]s of the genus ''[[Aenetus]]'' including ''A. ligniveren''. These burrow horizontally into the trunk then vertically down.
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
    
==Species==
 
==Species==
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*''[[Callistemon viminalis]]'' (Sol. ex Gaertn.) G.Don - Weeping Bottlebrush
 
*''[[Callistemon viminalis]]'' (Sol. ex Gaertn.) G.Don - Weeping Bottlebrush
 
*''[[Callistemon viridiflorus]]'' (Sims) Sweet
 
*''[[Callistemon viridiflorus]]'' (Sims) Sweet
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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*{{cite web |url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=CALLISTEMON|title= Callistemon |accessdate=2007-11-19|work= [[Australian Plant Name Index]] (APNI), IBIS database|publisher = Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
    
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://farrer.riv.csu.edu.au/ASGAP/callistn.html#intro The Callistemon Page]
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*{{wplink}}
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*[http://www.anbg.gov.au/callistemon/ Australian National Botanic Gardens: ''Callistemon'' (Bottlebrushes)]
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{{Commonscat|Callistemon}}
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{{Wikispecies|Callistemon}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Callistemon]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
 
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