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{{Inc|

{{Inc|

Aquifoliaceae (from Aquifolium, Tournefort's name for the genus Ilex, application obscure). Holly Family. Fig. 34. Trees or shrubs, with alternate or opposite, simple, often evergreen leaves: flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, very small, axillary, solitary or fascicled, rarely cymose; sepals 3-6, more or less connate; petals 4-5, nearly separate, imbricated; stamens 4-5, alternating with the petals, and sometimes adhering to them, hypogynous disk wanting, ovary superior, 3 to many-celled, each cell 1-2-ovuled; stigma subsessile, lobed: fruit berry-like; seeds albuminous.

Aquifoliaceae (from Aquifolium, Tournefort's name for the genus Ilex, application obscure). Holly Family. Fig. 34. Trees or shrubs, with alternate or opposite, simple, often evergreen leaves: flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, very small, axillary, solitary or fascicled, rarely cymose; sepals 3-6, more or less connate; petals 4-5, nearly separate, imbricated; stamens 4-5, alternating with the petals, and sometimes adhering to them, hypogynous disk wanting, ovary superior, 3 to many-celled, each cell 1-2-ovuled; stigma subsessile, lobed: fruit berry-like; seeds albuminous.

Ilex Aquifolium of Europe is used there for hedges and for indoor decoration. I. opaca is used for indoor decoration in this country. The leaves of both are thick, glossy, evergreen and spiny-toothed. I. paraguariensis furnishes mate, which is the tea of South America. It was early cultivated by the Jesuits (1609- 1768), and is even yet one of the most important cultivated plants of South America. Other species of Ilex have been used in various parts of the world for medicine because of their astringent qualities and bitter principle.

Ilex Aquifolium of Europe is used there for hedges and for indoor decoration. I. opaca is used for indoor decoration in this country. The leaves of both are thick, glossy, evergreen and spiny-toothed. I. paraguariensis furnishes mate, which is the tea of South America. It was early cultivated by the Jesuits (1609- 1768), and is even yet one of the most important cultivated plants of South America. Other species of Ilex have been used in various parts of the world for medicine because of their astringent qualities and bitter principle.

Many species of Ilex (Holly, Dahoon, Cassena, Yaupon, Winterberry, Black Alder), and one of Nemopanthus (Mountain Holly) are grown as cultivated plants in America, all for ornamental purposes.

Many species of Ilex (Holly, Dahoon, Cassena, Yaupon, Winterberry, Black Alder), and one of Nemopanthus (Mountain Holly) are grown as cultivated plants in America, all for ornamental purposes.{{SCH}}

==Genera==

Only one genus, ''[[Ilex]]''{{wp}}.

| color = lightgreen

| name = Aquifoliaceae

| image = english holly.jpg

| subdivision =  

''[[Ilex]]'' - [[Holly]]

}}

'''Aquifoliaceae''' is a small [[flowering plant]] family with only one genus, ''[[Ilex]]'', the [[Holly|hollies]], a large genus with about 600 species distributed nearly world-wide, absent only from [[Australasia]] and western [[North America]]. They are shrubs and small trees, including both [[evergreen]] and [[deciduous]] species. Many of them are highly decorative.

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[[Image:Americanholly 8046.JPG|left|thumb|[[American Holly]] (''Ilex opaca'') foliage and berries]]

One other genus, ''Nemopanthus'', was formerly accepted as containing one species ''Nemopanthus mucronatus'', separated from ''Ilex'' on the basis that the [[flower]]s having a reduced [[calyx (flower)|calyx]] and narrow [[petal]]s, and also in [[cytology]], being [[polyploid|tetraploid]], whereas ''Ilex'' is [[diploid]]. However, following molecular analysis, it has now been merged into ''Ilex'', as ''I. mucronata'' [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?25114], [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?429925]. <br clear = left>

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==References==

==References==

*Powell, M., Savolainen, V., Cuénod, P., Manen, J. F., & Andrews, S. (2000). The mountain holly (''Nemopanthus mucronatus'': Aquifoliaceae) revisited with molecular data. ''Kew Bulletin'' 55: 341-347.

*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

 

[[Category:Plant families]]

[[Category:Plant families]]

[[Category:Aquifoliales]]

[[Category:Aquifoliales]]