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Vitaceae (view source)

Revision as of 20:18, 13 May 2009

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Vitaceae''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Grapes03.jpg
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| image_width = 200px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Vitis vinifera, wine grapes
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Vitales
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| familia = Vitaceae
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Vitaceae (from the genus Vitis, the classical name). Grape Family. Fig. 36. Mostly climbing shrubs with tendrils, seldom upright shrubs or small trees: leaves alternate or opposite, very diverse: flowers bisexual, or unisexual, small, numerous, regular; sepals 4-5, rarely 3-7, minute or obsolete; petals 4-5, rarely 3-7, valvate, separate (gamopetalous in Leea); stamens 4-5, rarely 3-7, opposite the petals, somewhat perigynous; disk evident, annular or of separate lobes; ovary superior, 2-, rarely 3-6-, celled, with 2, or rarely 1, ovule in each cell; style 1 or 0; stigma capitate or peltate: fruit a berry; seeds albuminous.
 
Vitaceae (from the genus Vitis, the classical name). Grape Family. Fig. 36. Mostly climbing shrubs with tendrils, seldom upright shrubs or small trees: leaves alternate or opposite, very diverse: flowers bisexual, or unisexual, small, numerous, regular; sepals 4-5, rarely 3-7, minute or obsolete; petals 4-5, rarely 3-7, valvate, separate (gamopetalous in Leea); stamens 4-5, rarely 3-7, opposite the petals, somewhat perigynous; disk evident, annular or of separate lobes; ovary superior, 2-, rarely 3-6-, celled, with 2, or rarely 1, ovule in each cell; style 1 or 0; stigma capitate or peltate: fruit a berry; seeds albuminous.
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The most important economic plant in the family is the grape (Vitis), which has been cultivated since early times. V. vinifera is the wine grape of Europe and southern California, and has given rise to our greenhouse grapes; not hardy. V. Labrusca is one of the parents of most of our hardy grapes. V. vulpina and V. cordifolia are frost or fox grapes. Several species of Vitis are grown for ornamental purposes only. Raisins are the dried fruit of certain species of Vitis, mostly V. vinifera. Virginia creeper or woodbine (Parthenocissus [Ampelopsis] quinquefolia) and Boston ivy or Japanese ivy (P. tricuspidata) are ornamental.
 
The most important economic plant in the family is the grape (Vitis), which has been cultivated since early times. V. vinifera is the wine grape of Europe and southern California, and has given rise to our greenhouse grapes; not hardy. V. Labrusca is one of the parents of most of our hardy grapes. V. vulpina and V. cordifolia are frost or fox grapes. Several species of Vitis are grown for ornamental purposes only. Raisins are the dried fruit of certain species of Vitis, mostly V. vinifera. Virginia creeper or woodbine (Parthenocissus [Ampelopsis] quinquefolia) and Boston ivy or Japanese ivy (P. tricuspidata) are ornamental.
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A few genera are in cultivation in America: Ampelopsis; Parthenocissus or Psedera; Cissus (Kangaroo Vine); and Vitis.
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A few genera are in cultivation in America: Ampelopsis; Parthenocissus or Psedera; Cissus (Kangaroo Vine); and Vitis.{{SCH}}
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}}
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{{SCH}}
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==Genera==
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}}
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = Vitaceae
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| image = Grapes03.jpg
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| image_caption = ''[[Vitis vinifera]]'', wine grapes
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = '''Vitales'''
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| ordo_authority = [[Gilbert Thomas Burnett|Burnett]]
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| familia = '''Vitaceae'''
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| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]], nom. cons.
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
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| subdivision =  
   
*''[[Acareosperma]]''
 
*''[[Acareosperma]]''
 
*''[[Ampelocissus]]''
 
*''[[Ampelocissus]]''
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*''[[Tetrastigma]]''
 
*''[[Tetrastigma]]''
 
*''[[Vitis]]'' ([[grape]])
 
*''[[Vitis]]'' ([[grape]])
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*''[[Yua (plant)|Yua]]''
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*''[[Yua]]''
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}}
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'''Vitaceae''' are a family of [[dicotyledon]]ous [[flowering plant]]s including the [[grape]] and [[Virginia creeper]]. The family name is derived from the genus ''[[Vitis]]''.  The name sometimes appears as '''Vitidaceae''', but Vitaceae is a conserved name and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, '''Ampelidaceae'''.
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The relationships of Vitaceae are unclear and the family does not appear to have any close relatives. In the [[Cronquist system]], the family was placed near the family [[Rhamnaceae]] in order [[Rhamnales]]. The family was placed in the [[Rosid]] clade, but not classified in an order, by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] (APG). The Angiosperm Phylogeny Web places Vitaceae in its own order, Vitales. Recent phylogenetic analyses support Vitaceae as the sister-group to all other rosids (Jansen et al. 2006).
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Most ''Vitis'' species have 38 chromosomes (n=19), but 40 (n=20) in subgenus ''[[Muscadinia]]'', while ''[[Ampelocissus]]'', ''[[Parthenocissus]]'', and ''[[Ampelopsis]]'' also have 40 chromosomes (n=20) and ''[[Cissus]]'' has 24 chromosomes (n=12).
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The family is economically important as [[grape]]s (''Vitis'' species) are an important fruit crop and, when fermented, produce [[wine]].
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Species of the genus ''[[Tetrastigma]]'' serve as hosts to [[parasitic plant]]s in the family [[Rafflesiaceae]].
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''[[Leea]]'', sometimes classified in its own family, [[Leeaceae]], is included in Vitaceae by the APG and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web.
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==References and external links==
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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*R. K. Jansen, C. Kaittanis, S. B. Lee, C. Saski, J. Tomkins, A. J. Alverson and H. Daniell. 2006.  Phylogenetic analyses of ''Vitis'' (Vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids. ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 6: 32 [published online, 14 pp.].
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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*[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/vitalesweb.html#Vitales Vitaceae] at the [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb Angiosperm Phylogeny Web]
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==References==
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* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/vitidace.htm Vitidaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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{{rosid-stub}}
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
 
[[Category:Plant families]]
 
[[Category:Plant families]]
 
[[Category:Vitaceae| ]]
 
[[Category:Vitaceae| ]]
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