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| | + | __NOTOC__{{Plantbox |
| | + | | name = ''Gesneriaceae'' |
| | + | | common_names = Gesneria Family |
| | + | | color = IndianRed |
| | + | | image = Haberlea rhodopensis0.jpg |
| | + | | image_width = 200px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --> |
| | + | | image_caption = Haberlea rhodopensis |
| | + | | regnum = Plantae |
| | + | | divisio = Magnoliophyta |
| | + | | classis = Magnoliopsida |
| | + | | ordo = Lamiales |
| | + | | familia = Gesneriaceae |
| | + | }} |
| | {{Inc| | | {{Inc| |
| | Gesneriaceae (from the genus Gesneria, named after the early botanist Conrad Gesner of Zurich). Gesneria Family. Fig. 53. Herbs, rarely shrubs or small trees, sometimes climbing: leaves usually opposite or whorled, simple: flowers bisexual, irregular, often bilabiate; calyx 5-parted; corolla 5-lobed, gamopetalous, hypogynous, often gibbous below, imbricated; stamens rarely 5, usually 4 and didynamous, rarely 2, the sterile usually present as staminodia, epipetalous; hypogynous disk present, diverse; ovary superior or inferior, of 2 carpels but 1-celled with 2 parietal placentae, often falsely 2-4-celled; ovules numerous; style 1; stigmas 1-2: fruit fleshy with pulpy placentae, or capsular, or silique-like with twisted valves. | | Gesneriaceae (from the genus Gesneria, named after the early botanist Conrad Gesner of Zurich). Gesneria Family. Fig. 53. Herbs, rarely shrubs or small trees, sometimes climbing: leaves usually opposite or whorled, simple: flowers bisexual, irregular, often bilabiate; calyx 5-parted; corolla 5-lobed, gamopetalous, hypogynous, often gibbous below, imbricated; stamens rarely 5, usually 4 and didynamous, rarely 2, the sterile usually present as staminodia, epipetalous; hypogynous disk present, diverse; ovary superior or inferior, of 2 carpels but 1-celled with 2 parietal placentae, often falsely 2-4-celled; ovules numerous; style 1; stigmas 1-2: fruit fleshy with pulpy placentae, or capsular, or silique-like with twisted valves. |
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| | The only economic plants in the family are the ornamental, of which there are many. The flowers throughout the family are uncommonly large and showy. | | The only economic plants in the family are the ornamental, of which there are many. The flowers throughout the family are uncommonly large and showy. |
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| − | Twenty or more genera are in cultivation in N. America. Among these are the following, all of greenhouse culture: Agalmyla, climbers; Episcia; Gesneria; Isoloma (Kohleria); Naegelia (Smithiantha); Saintpaulia (Usambara Violet; African Violet); Sinningia, including the Gloxinias; Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose); Trichosporum (or Aeschynanthus), trailing or drooping. | + | Twenty or more genera are in cultivation in N. America. Among these are the following, all of greenhouse culture: Agalmyla, climbers; Episcia; Gesneria; Isoloma (Kohleria); Naegelia (Smithiantha); Saintpaulia (Usambara Violet; African Violet); Sinningia, including the Gloxinias; Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose); Trichosporum (or Aeschynanthus), trailing or drooping.{{SCH}} |
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| − | {{SCH}} | |
| − | }}
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| − | {{Taxobox
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| − | | color = lightgreen
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| − | | name = Gesneriaceae
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| − | | image = Haberlea rhodopensis0.jpg
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| − | | image_width = 240px
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| − | | image_caption = ''[[Haberlea rhodopensis]]''
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| − | | regnum = [[Plantae]]
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| − | | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| − | | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| − | | ordo = [[Lamiales]]
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| − | | familia = '''Gesneriaceae'''
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| − | | familia_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph du Mortier|Dumortier]]
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| − | | subdivision_ranks = Genera
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| − | | subdivision =
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| − | See text.
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| | }} | | }} |
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| − | '''Gesneriaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s consisting of ca. 150 genera and ca. 3200 species in the [[Old World]] and [[New World]] tropics and subtropics, with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Most species are perennial [[herb]]s or [[subshrub]]s but a few are woody shrubs or small [[tree]]s. On the basis of both morphological and biogeographical differences the family is divided into two major subfamilies: subfamily Cyrtandroideae in the [[Old World]] and subfamily Gesnerioideae in the [[New World]]. The biggest and most widespread genus is ''[[Cyrtandra]]'', with about 600 species widely distributed in [[Southeast Asia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], the [[Philippines]], and the islands of the [[Pacific]] as far away as the [[Hawaiian Islands]].
| + | ==Genera== |
| − | | + | ;Selected genera{{wp}} |
| − | Several genera in the family have become popular as houseplants. The most familiar members of the family to gardeners are the [[African Violet]]s in the genus ''[[Saintpaulia]]''. Gesneriads are divided culturally into three groups on the basis of whether, and how, their stems are modified into storage organs: [[Rhizome|rhizomatous]], [[tuber]]ous, and "fibrous-rooted", meaning those that lack such storage structures (although all gesneriads have fibrous roots).
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| − | The genus ''[[Rehmannia]]'' has sometimes been included in Gesneriaceae but is now referred to the family [[Scrophulariaceae]].
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| − | Botanists who have made significant contributions to the systematics of the family are [[George Bentham]], [[Robert Brown]], [[B.L. Burtt]], [[C.B. Clarke]], [[Olive M. Hilliard]], [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]], [[William Jackson Hooker]], [[Elmer Drew Merrill]], [[Harold E. Moore, Jr.]], [[Conrad Vernon Morton]], [[Henry Nicholas Ridley]], [[Laurence Skog]], [[W.T. Wang]], [[Anton Weber]], and [[Hans Wiehler]]. Several researchers are currently working on this group and the generic classification has been changing rapidly.
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| − | The family name is based on the genus ''Gesneria'', which honors [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[humanism|humanist]] [[Conrad Gessner]].
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| − | | |
| − | ;Selected genera | |
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| − | ===External links=== | + | ==Gallery== |
| − | *[http://persoon.si.edu/gesneriaceae/checklist/ World Checklist of Gesneriaceae]
| + | {{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --> |
| − | *[http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/ Genera of Gesneriaceae]
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| − | *[http://gesneriads.ca/ Gesneriad Reference Web]
| + | <gallery> |
| − | *[http://www.gesneriads.ca/Articles/Weber%20-%20Scientific%20Overview/Gesneriaceae_Article_Weber.htm Gesneriaceae: A Scientific Overview, by Prof. Anton Weber] (on the Gesneriad Reference Web)
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 |
| − | *[http://www.gesneriadsociety.org/ The Gesneriad Society] (formerly the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society)
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 |
| − | *[http://persoon.si.edu/gesneriaceae/bibliography/ Annotated Bibliography of the Gesneriaceae]
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 |
| − | *[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/89/2/296 Phylogenetic relationships in the Gesnerioideae (Gesneriaceae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F and trnE-T spacer region sequences] (link to abstract)
| + | </gallery> |
| − | *[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/92/6/1017/ Evolution of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Pacific Ocean: the origin of a supertramp clade]
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| − | *[http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/emuwebnswlive/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=39062&reftable=ebibliography Weber, A. 2004. Gesneriaceae and Scrophulariaceae: Robert Brown and now. ''Telopea'' 10(2): 543-571.]
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| | + | ==References== |
| | + | *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 |
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| | + | ==External links== |
| | + | *{{wplink}} |
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| | + | {{stub}} |
| | + | [[Category:Categorize]] |
| | + | [[Category:Plant families]] |
| | [[Category:Gesneriaceae| ]] | | [[Category:Gesneriaceae| ]] |
| − | [[Category:Plant families]]
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