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Vinca minor (view source)

Revision as of 00:44, 3 June 2009

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
   
| name = ''Vinca minor''
 
| name = ''Vinca minor''
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| common_names = Dwarf periwinkle
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| growth_habit = herbaceous (trailing)
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| high = ?m (6 in)
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = Portugal to Netherlands to Caucasus
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan = perennial
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = moderate
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| features = flowers, naturalizes
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones = 1-24, 28-43{{SSN}}
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Vinca minor.JPG
 
| image = Vinca minor.JPG
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_width = 240px   <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = ''Vinca minor'' plant
 
| image_caption = ''Vinca minor'' plant
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = [[Gentianales]]
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| ordo = Gentianales
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| familia = [[Apocynaceae]]
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| familia = Apocynaceae
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| genus = ''[[Vinca]]''
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| genus = Vinca
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| species = '''''V. minor'''''
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| species = minor
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| binomial = ''Vinca minor''
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| subspecies =  
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| cultivar =  
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}}
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{{Inc|
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Common Periwinkle. Blue, Running, or Trailing Myrtle. Hardy evergreen, trailing herb: fl.-sts. erect, sometimes nearly a foot high: lvs. ovate, oblong-ovate, or elliptic-lanceolate, not more than 1.5 in. long, glabrous, petiole very short with 2 glands at the top: fls. lilac-blue; calyx-lobes lanceolate, rather obtuse; corolla-lobes cuneate, obtuse and truncate. Eu.-Common in all country gardens and running wild in cemeteries and shady places. Some of the horticultural varieties are: Var. alba, Hort., which has single white fls. Var. alba plena, Hort., with double white fls. Var. alba variegata, Hort., is a form with variegated lvs. and single white fls. Var. argentea variegata, Hort., has the lvs. silvery variegated. Var. atropurpurea compacta, Hort., has single dark purple fls. Var. aurca, Hort., has been in the trade, a form with golden foliage. Var. aurea variegata, Hort., has golden variegated Ivs. Var. cserulea, Hort. (V. cseriilta, Hort. V. caritlea minor, Hort.), is a form with bright blue, single fls. There is also a form known as V. cseriilea argeniea mar- ginata, Hort., which has the lvs. margined with silvery white. Var. fldre-pl&no, Hort., probably the same as var. plena. Var. plena, Hort., has double fls., otherwise like the type. Var. purpurea plena, Hort., has double purple fls. Var. rosea, Hort., has single rosy fls. Var. rosea fl.-pl. Hort., is like the last but double-fld. Var. variegata, Hort., is a variegated-lvd., bluc-fld. form offered in the trade. V. elagantissima alba, Hort., and also "The Bride," a form with white fls. which are pink-centered belong to this species.{{SCH}}
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Vinca minor''''' ('''Lesser Periwinkle''') is a [[plant]] native to central and southern [[Europe]], from [[Portugal]] and [[France]] north to the [[Netherlands]] and the [[Baltic countries|Baltic States]], and east to the [[Caucasus]], and also in southwestern [[Asia]] in [[Turkey]].
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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[[Image:Vinca major-minor margins.jpg|left|thumb|Leaf margins for comparison; ''[[Vinca minor]]'' above, ''[[Vinca major]]'' below; note hairless margin of ''V. minor'', hairy margin of ''V. major''.]]
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It is a trailing [[subshrub]], spreading along the ground and rooting along the stems to form large [[clonal colony|clonal colonies]] and occasionally scrambling up to 40 cm high but never twining or climbing. The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[evergreen]], opposite, 2-4.5 cm long and 1-2.5 cm broad, glossy dark green with a leathery texture and an entire margin. The [[flower]]s are solitary in the leaf axils and are produced mainly from early spring to mid summer but with a few flowers still produced into the autumn; they are violet-purple (pale purple or white in some cultivated selections), 2-3 cm diameter, with a five-lobed corolla. The [[fruit]] is a pair of [[follicle (fruit)|follicles]] 2.5 cm long, containing numerous seeds.
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The closely related species ''[[Vinca major]]'' is similar but larger in all parts, and also has relatively broader leaves with a hairy margin.
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Cultivation and uses===
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===Pests and diseases===
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[[Image:Vinca minor patch MN 2007.JPG|thumb|Ground cover with dense growth]]
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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The species is commonly grown as a [[groundcover]] in temperate gardens for its evergreen foliage, spring and summer flowers, ease of culture, and dense habit that smothers most weeds. The species has few pests or diseases outside it native range and is widely [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] and classified as an [[invasive species]] in parts of [[North America]] [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=VIMI2]. There are numerous [[cultivar]]s, with different flower colours and [[variegation|variegated]] foliage, including 'Argenteovariegata' (white leaf edges), 'Aureovariegata' (yellow leaf edges), 'Gertrude Jekyll' (white flowers), and 'Plena' (double flowers).
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Other vernacular names used in cultivation include '''Small Periwinkle''', '''Common Periwinkle''', and sometimes in the [[United States]], '''Myrtle''' or '''Creeping Myrtle''' (as a result of confusion with the unrelated [[myrtle]]s [http://www2.eugeneweekly.com/2003/091103culture.html]).
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==Species==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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*[[Ethnomedical]]ly, the dried leaves, aerial parts, and in some cases the entire plant of ''Vinca'', are used to enhance blood [[circulation]], including that of the [[brain]], enhance [[metabolism]] in the brain, and to treat [[cardiovascular]] disorders.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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[[Vincamine]] is the [[pharmaceutical]] molecule responsible for ''Vinca's'' [[nootropic]] activity.
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<gallery>
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Image:Vinca minor patch MN 2007.JPG|Ground cover with dense growth
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Image:Vinca major-minor margins.jpg|Leaf margins for comparison; ''[[Vinca minor]]'' above, ''[[Vinca major]]'' below; note hairless margin of ''V. minor'', hairy margin of ''V. major''.
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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Image:Upload.png| photo 4
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</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Vinca&SPECIES_XREF=minor&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Vinca minor'' distribution]
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*[http://www.vc.ehu.es/plfarm/47.vimi.htm Morphology and ecology of ''Vinca minor''] (in Spanish)
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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*[http://www.borealforest.org/world/herbs_shrubs/lesser_periwinkle.htm Borealforest: ''Vinca minor'']
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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*[http://hcs.osu.edu/pocketgardener/source/description/vi_minor.html ''Vinca minor''] (from Ohio State University's [http://hcs.osu.edu/pocketgardener/source/index.html Pocket Gardener])
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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*[http://www.invasive.org/browse/subject.cfm?sub=3081 Common Periwinkle] (as an invasive species; includes photos)
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*Blamey, M., & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. Hodder & Stoughton.
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*Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 4: 665. Macmillan.
      
==External links==
 
==External links==
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*[http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/botany/perihist.html Traditional Medicine Uses]
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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