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Cardoon (view source)

Revision as of 14:04, 7 June 2009

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Cynara cardunculus''
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| common_names = Cardoon, artichoke thistle, cardone, cardoni, cardi
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Upload.png  <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption =    <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Asterales
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| familia = Asteraceae
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| genus = Cynara
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| species =
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| subspecies =
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| cultivar =
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Cardoon (Cynara Cardunculus, Linn.). A thistle- like plant of southern Europe, cultivated for the thick leaf-stalk and midrib.
 
Cardoon (Cynara Cardunculus, Linn.). A thistle- like plant of southern Europe, cultivated for the thick leaf-stalk and midrib.
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It is thought to be of the same species as the artichoke, and to have been developed from it by long cultivation and selection. See Cynara. The plant has been introduced into South America; and has run wild extensively on the pampas. Darwin writes that "no cultivated plant has run wild on so enormous a scale as the cardoon." From the artichoke it differs in taller and more prickly growth and smaller heads. The cardoon is perennial, but it is not hardy, and is treated as an annual. Seeds are sown in spring, either in pots under glass or in the open where the plants are to stand. The later sowing is usually preferred. The plants are given rich soil and should have abundant moisture supply, for they must make continuous and strong growth. When the leaves are nearly full grown, they are tied together near the top, straw is piled around the head, and earth is banked against it. This is to blanch the plant, for it is inedible unless so treated. From two to four weeks is required for the blanching. The procedure is not very unlike that adopted for the blanching of celery or endive. If the plants are late, they may be dug just before frost and blanched in a storage pit. The plants are usually grown 2 to 3 feet apart, in rows which are 4 feet apart. They are sometimes grown in trenches, after the old way of growing celery. Cardoon is very little known as a vegetable in America except among foreigners. L. H. B.
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It is thought to be of the same species as the artichoke, and to have been developed from it by long cultivation and selection. See Cynara. The plant has been introduced into South America; and has run wild extensively on the pampas. Darwin writes that "no cultivated plant has run wild on so enormous a scale as the cardoon." From the artichoke it differs in taller and more prickly growth and smaller heads. The cardoon is perennial, but it is not hardy, and is treated as an annual. Seeds are sown in spring, either in pots under glass or in the open where the plants are to stand. The later sowing is usually preferred. The plants are given rich soil and should have abundant moisture supply, for they must make continuous and strong growth. When the leaves are nearly full grown, they are tied together near the top, straw is piled around the head, and earth is banked against it. This is to blanch the plant, for it is inedible unless so treated. From two to four weeks is required for the blanching. The procedure is not very unlike that adopted for the blanching of celery or endive. If the plants are late, they may be dug just before frost and blanched in a storage pit. The plants are usually grown 2 to 3 feet apart, in rows which are 4 feet apart. They are sometimes grown in trenches, after the old way of growing celery. Cardoon is very little known as a vegetable in America except among foreigners.{{SCH}}
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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}}
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{Taxobox
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = Cardoon
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==Species==
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| image = Cynaracardunculus.jpg
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_caption = Cardoon in flower
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Asterales]]
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| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
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| genus = ''[[Cynara]]''
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| species = '''''C. cardunculus'''''
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| binomial = ''Cynara cardunculus''
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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}}
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The '''cardoon''' (''Cynara cardunculus''), also called the '''artichoke thistle''', '''cardone''', '''cardoni''' or '''cardi''', is a member of the [[thistle]] family related to the [[Globe artichoke]]. While the flower buds can be eaten much as the artichoke, more often the stems are eaten after being [[blanching|blanched]] by being wrapped or buried in earth. Battered and fried, the stems are also traditionally served at [[Solemnity of Saint Joseph|St. Joseph's altars]] in [[New Orleans]].
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Cardoon stalks can be covered with small, nearly invisible spines that can cause substantial pain if they become lodged in the skin. Several "spineless" cultivars have been developed to overcome this but care in handling is recommended for all types.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
    
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:Costa Vicentina 4.jpg|Cardoon in its natural habitat
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Image:Cardoon, Artichoke Thistle (Cynara cardunculus) seed.jpg|A cardoon seed
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Image:Cynara cardunculus0.jpg|A cardoon flower head
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Image:Cynara cardunculus11.jpg|Cardoon foliage
   
Image:Cynara_cardunculus_(Kalmthout).jpg|Cardoon flower head
 
Image:Cynara_cardunculus_(Kalmthout).jpg|Cardoon flower head
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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Cardoon requires a long, cool growing season (ca. 5 months) but it is frost-sensitive. It also typically requires substantial growing space per plant and hence is not much grown save where it is a regional favorite.
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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The cardoon is highly invasive and is able to adapt to dry climates. It has become a major weed in the [[pampas]] of [[Argentina]] and [[California]]; it is also considered a weed in [[Australia]].
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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==References==
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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==External links==
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