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Solanum dulcamara (view source)

Revision as of 00:53, 15 July 2009

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Solanum dulcamara''
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| common_names = Bittersweet
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = XN Solanum dulcamara 00.jpg
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption =    <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Solanales
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| familia = Solanaceae
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| genus = Solanum
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| species = dulcamara
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
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Solanum dulcamara, Linn. Bitter-sweet. Fig. 3634. A more or less pubescent or sometimes glabrous shrubby climber with st. 4-6 ft. long: lvs. entire or sometimes 3-5-parted, 1-3 in. long, the entire ones cordate, ovate-cordate, or the upper ones hastate: fls. many, drooping, in panicled corymbs opposite the lvs.; corolla white or violet, 1/2 in. diam., the lobes reflexed, each segm. furnished with 2 greenish spots near the base: fr. ovoid, 1/2 in. diam., red or rarely yellowish green. Naturalized from Eu.
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Solanum dulcamara, Linn. Bitter-sweet (also known as: Bittersweet, Bitter Nightshade, Bindweed, Climbing Nightshade, Fellenwort, Felonwood, Poisonberry, Poisonflower, Scarlet Berry, Snakeberry, Trailing Bittersweet, Trailing Nightshade, Violet Bloom, Woody Nightshade{{wp}}). A more or less pubescent or sometimes glabrous shrubby climber with st. 4-6 ft. long: lvs. entire or sometimes 3-5-parted, 1-3 in. long, the entire ones cordate, ovate-cordate, or the upper ones hastate: fls. many, drooping, in panicled corymbs opposite the lvs.; corolla white or violet, 1/2 in. diam., the lobes reflexed, each segm. furnished with 2 greenish spots near the base: fr. ovoid, 1/2 in. diam., red or rarely yellowish green. Naturalized from Eu.
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}}
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{{SCH}}
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = Bittersweet
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| image = XN Solanum dulcamara 00.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Solanales]]
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| familia = [[Solanaceae]]
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| genus = ''[[Solanum]]''
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| species = '''''S. dulcamara'''''
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| binomial = ''Solanum dulcamara''
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
   
}}
 
}}
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'''''Solanum dulcamara''''' ('''Bittersweet''', '''Bitter Nightshade''', '''Blue Bindweed''', '''Climbing Nightshade''', '''Fellenwort''', '''Felonwood''', '''Poisonberry''', '''Poisonflower''', '''Scarlet Berry''', '''Snakeberry''', '''Trailing Bittersweet''', '''Trailing Nightshade''', '''Violet Bloom''' or, '''Woody Nightshade''') is a [[species]] of vine in the [[potato]] genus ''[[Solanum]]'', family [[Solanaceae]]. It is native to [[Europe]] and [[Asia]], and widely naturalised elsewhere, including [[North America]], where it is an [[Invasive species|invasive]] problem [[weed]]. It occurs in a very wide range of [[Habitat (ecology)|habitats]], from [[woodland]]s to [[scrubland]], [[hedge (gardening)|hedge]]s and [[marsh]]es.
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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[[Image:SolanumDulcamara-plant-sm.jpg|left|thumb|Plant]]
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===Propagation===
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Bittersweet is a semi-[[wood]]y [[herbaceous]] [[perennial]] [[vine]], which scrambles over other plants, capable of reaching a height of 4 m where suitable support is available, but more often 1-2 m high. The [[Leaf|leaves]] are 4-12 cm long, roughly arrowhead-shaped, and often lobed at the base. The [[flower]]s are in loose clusters of 3-20, (1-1.5 cm) across, star-shaped, with five purple petals and yellow stamens and style pointing forward. The [[fruit]] is an ovoid red [[berry]] about 1 cm long, soft and juicy, [[poisonous]] to humans and livestock but edible for [[bird]]s, which disperse the seeds widely. As with most ''Solanum'' species, the foliage is also poisonous to humans.
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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Bittersweet is used in [[homeopathic medicine]] and [[herbalism]].  Its main usage is for conditions that have an impact on the [[skin]], [[mucous membrane]] and the membrane ([[synovial membrane]]) around the joints. Bittersweet is considered to be an important remedy for treating [[herpes]] infections and [[allergies]].
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Species==
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The name '''bittersweet''' is also confusingly used in some areas for some species in the genus ''[[Celastrus]]'' (the '''[[Staff vine]]s''', family [[Celastraceae]]), e.g. [[Staff vine|American bittersweet]] (''C. scandens'') and [[Staff vine|Oriental bittersweet]] (''C. orbiculatus'').
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<!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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Other common names include Trailing Nightshade, Bittersweet, Trailing Bittersweet, Climbing Nightshade, Blue Bindweed, Bitter Nightshade, Fellenwort, Dogwood, Woody Nightshade, Poisonflower, Poisonberry, Snakeberry, and Scarlet Berry.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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==References==
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* {{cite book | author=[[Neltje Blanchan|Blanchan, Neltje]] | title=[[Wild Flowers Worth Knowing]] | year=[[2005]] | publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]}}
      
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:Bittersweet3900.JPG|Flowers and unripe berries
 
Image:Bittersweet3900.JPG|Flowers and unripe berries
 
Image:XN Solanum dulcamara 01.jpg|Fruits
 
Image:XN Solanum dulcamara 01.jpg|Fruits
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Image:SolanumDulcamara-plant-sm.jpg|Plant
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
 
[[Category:Solanum]]
 
[[Category:Solanum]]
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[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
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[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Flora of Estonia]]
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[[Category:Flora of the United Kingdom]]
 
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