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Sophronitis (view source)

Revision as of 18:29, 17 July 2009

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''Sophronitis''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Sophronitis-dayana.jpg
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Sophronitis dayana
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = Orchidaceae
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| subfamilia = Epidendroideae
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| tribus = Epidendreae
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| subtribus = Laeliinae
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| alliance = Cattleya
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| genus = Sophronitis
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Sophronitis (Greek, modest). Orchidaceae. Dwarf epiphytic orchids, cultivated on account of their neat habit and brilliantly colored flowers.
 
Sophronitis (Greek, modest). Orchidaceae. Dwarf epiphytic orchids, cultivated on account of their neat habit and brilliantly colored flowers.
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These plants, and also sophrocattleyas and sophrolaelias, thrive in the temperature of the cattleya house. In growing season, give a moderate supply of water and plenty of fresh air. Rest them at 50° to 55°, and water sufficiently to keep them from shriveling. Grow them in shallow pots with plenty of drainage, and a thin layer of fine turfy fern-root, using no sphagnum.
 
These plants, and also sophrocattleyas and sophrolaelias, thrive in the temperature of the cattleya house. In growing season, give a moderate supply of water and plenty of fresh air. Rest them at 50° to 55°, and water sufficiently to keep them from shriveling. Grow them in shallow pots with plenty of drainage, and a thin layer of fine turfy fern-root, using no sphagnum.
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{{SCH}}
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Taxobox
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==Cultivation==
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| color = lightgreen
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| name = ''Sophronitis''
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| image = Sophronitis-dayana.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_caption = ''Sophronitis dayana''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
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| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
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| tribus = [[Epidendreae]]
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| subtribus = [[Laeliinae]]
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| alliance = Cattleya
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| genus = '''''Sophronitis'''''
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| genus_authority = [[John Lindley|Lindl.]], 1828
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =
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See text.
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}}
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'''''Sophronitis''''' is a genus of small, [[epiphyte|epiphytic]] or [[lithophyte|lithophytic]]  [[orchid]]s, growing in the damp montane forest of eastern  [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]] and NE [[Argentina]]. Currently, 65 species are recognized.
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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''Sophronitis'' species are widely known for their red flowers, particularly ''Sophronitis coccinea'', and large flowered species ''Sophronitis purpurata''.
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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== Description ==
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==Species==
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They have short, ovoid, often densely clustered, pseudobulbs along the [[rhizome]], in which grows a single, or rarely two, apical, erect, fleshy, gray green [[leaves]].
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Many of these species used to belong to the genus ''Laelia''{{wp}}.
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The leaf gives rise to a terminal [[inflorescence]] with one to eight [[flower]]s. Sometimes this inflorescence is subtended by a spathaceous bract, sometimes erroneously called [[spathe]] (spathe is a typical form in some other families such as [[Araceae]] and [[Arecaceae]]). The flowers have similarly shaped [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s, and can be yellow, pink, lavender, magenta, orange and red.
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The  trilobed [[labellum|lip]] has lateral lobes that partially encircle the [[column (botany)|column]]. The smaller midlobe has a yellow disc and the spur is adnate to the [[ovary (plants)|ovary]]. The lip often presents some lamellate calli.
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Some species are yellow, and almost all species have some shades of orange due to natural variation within the species.
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They are used extensively in [[hybrid|hybridization]] to influence the small size and the dark red color of the progeny, such as in the hybrid x ''Sophrolaeliocattleya'' (x''Slc''.)
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''Sophronitis'' species are quite small, a characteristic that may be conferred to progeny such that they are more compact.
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This new classification was created by Van den Berg & M.W.Chase in 2000. In addition to the traditional small, red species, it included all ''Laelia'' species from Brazil, based on DNA evidence. The Mexican species still are ''Laelia''.
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==[[Synonymy]]==
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'''''Brasilaelia''''' <small>[[Campacci]]</small>, '''''Chironiella''''' <small>[[Braem]]</small>,  '''''Dungsia''''' <small>[[Guy R. Chiron|Chiron]] & [[V.P.Castro]]</small>, '''''Hadrolaelia''''' <small>[[Guy R. Chiron|Chiron]] & [[V.P.Castro]]</small>, '''''Hoffmannseggella''''' <small>[[H.G.Jones]]</small>, '''''Lophoglottis''''' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz|Raf.]]</small>, '''''Microlaelia''''' <small>[[Guy R. Chiron|Chiron]] & [[V.P.Castro]]</small>, '''''Sophronia''''' <small>[[John Lindley|Lindl.]]</small> are synonyms of ''Sophronitis''.
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== Species ==
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Many of these species used to belong to the genus ''Laelia''.
   
*''1.[[Sophronitis acuensis]]'' Fowlie: '''Açu Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
 
*''1.[[Sophronitis acuensis]]'' Fowlie: '''Açu Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Rio de Janeiro).
 
*''2.[[Sophronitis alaorii]]'' (Brieger & Bicalho) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Alaor's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).  
 
*''2.[[Sophronitis alaorii]]'' (Brieger & Bicalho) Van den Berg & M.W.Chase: '''Alaor's Sophronitis''' (Brazil - Bahia).  
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== Natural hybrids ==
 
== Natural hybrids ==
 
[[Image:Sophronitis-tenebrosa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Sophronitis tenebrosa'']]
 
[[Image:Sophronitis-tenebrosa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Sophronitis tenebrosa'']]
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*''Sophronitis × carassana'' (S. lucasiana × S. mantiqueira) (Brazil)  
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*''Sophronitis × carassana'' (S. lucasiana × S. mantiqueira) (Brazil) {{wp}}
 
*''Sophronitis × cipoensis'' (S. crispata × S. ghillanyi) (Brazil - Minas Gerais).  
 
*''Sophronitis × cipoensis'' (S. crispata × S. ghillanyi) (Brazil - Minas Gerais).  
 
*''Sophronitis × espirito-santensis'' (S. pumila × S. xanthina) (SE. Brazil)  
 
*''Sophronitis × espirito-santensis'' (S. pumila × S. xanthina) (SE. Brazil)  
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== Doubtful Species ==  
 
== Doubtful Species ==  
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*''[[Sophronitis mantiqueirae]]'' : '''Mantiqueira Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil).
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*''[[Sophronitis mantiqueirae]]'' : '''Mantiqueira Sophronitis''' (SE. Brazil).{{wp}}
 
**This species is most likely a synonym of ''[[S.caulescens]]'', based on the type locality. The species from the Mantiqueira range has been redescribed as ''[[S.pabstii]]'', as currently recognized.
 
**This species is most likely a synonym of ''[[S.caulescens]]'', based on the type locality. The species from the Mantiqueira range has been redescribed as ''[[S.pabstii]]'', as currently recognized.
 
*''[[Sophronitis pterocarpa]]'' Lindl. '''Wing Fruited Sophronitis''' (Brazil to Paraguay).
 
*''[[Sophronitis pterocarpa]]'' Lindl. '''Wing Fruited Sophronitis''' (Brazil to Paraguay).
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**This taxon is a variation of ''[[S. mirandae]]'' which occurs only within some populations, with no biological grounds for species recognition.
 
**This taxon is a variation of ''[[S. mirandae]]'' which occurs only within some populations, with no biological grounds for species recognition.
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== Gallery ==
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==Gallery==
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| upload a photo
 
Image:Sop_mixta.jpg|''Sophronitis mixta''
 
Image:Sop_mixta.jpg|''Sophronitis mixta''
 
Image:Sop_longipes.jpg|''Sophronitis longipes''
 
Image:Sop_longipes.jpg|''Sophronitis longipes''
 
Image:Sop_perrini.jpg|''Sophronitis perrini''
 
Image:Sop_perrini.jpg|''Sophronitis perrini''
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<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: Image:Sop_sincorana.jpg|''Sophronitis sincorana'' -->
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<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: Image:Sophronitis_ceruna_flowers.jpg|''Sophronitis ceruna'' -->
   
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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== External links ==
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==References==
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{{Commons|Sophronitis|''Sophronitis''}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Orchid genera]]
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