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Spiranthes (view source)

Revision as of 00:38, 18 July 2009

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''LATINNAME''  <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Spiranthes spiralis 270805b.jpg
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = ''Spiranthes spiralis'' in its habitat
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = Orchidaceae
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| subfamilia = Orchidoideae
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| tribus = Cranichideae
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| subtribus = Spiranthinae
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| genus = Spiranthes
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Spiranthes (name Greek, referring to the twisted spikes). Orchidaceae. Ladies' Tresses. Terrestrial herbs, few of which have any horticultural value; some of the hardy species are advertised by dealers in native plants and by collectors.
 
Spiranthes (name Greek, referring to the twisted spikes). Orchidaceae. Ladies' Tresses. Terrestrial herbs, few of which have any horticultural value; some of the hardy species are advertised by dealers in native plants and by collectors.
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S. colorata, N.E. Br. (Neottia speciosa, Jacq.)- Stenorrhynchus.
 
S. colorata, N.E. Br. (Neottia speciosa, Jacq.)- Stenorrhynchus.
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{{SCH}}
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Taxobox
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==Cultivation==
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| color = lightgreen
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| name = ''Spiranthes''
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| image = Spiranthes cernua(01).jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_caption = ''Spiranthes cernua''
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
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| subfamilia = [[Orchidoideae]]
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| tribus = [[Cranichideae]]
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| subtribus = [[Spiranthinae]]
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| genus = '''''Spiranthes'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Louis Claude Richard|Rich.]], 1817
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| type_species = ''Ophrys spiralis'' = ''Spiranthes spiralis''
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| type_species_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|(L.)]] Chevall. 1827
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision =
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See text.
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}}
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'''''Spiranthes''''', commonly called Ladies'-tresses, is a genus of orchids (family ([[Orchidaceae]]) belonging to the subfamily [[Orchidoideae]].
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It has a very wide, almost continuous distribution, mostly in temperate zones of the northern hemisphere: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Australia, New Guinea, the Americas and the Caribbean. It is a provincially endangered orchid, in North America it can be found in Manitoba, Ontario and more than 20 American states. They grow in meadows, fields and savannas but are also found in  forests, both on acid and calcareous soil. Most species tend to become weeds in disturbed areas, while they may be scarce in undisturbed areas.
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Plants can grow to a height of 12 to 38 cm (4.5 to 15 inches). Spiranthes consists of perennial, terrestrial orchids with clustered, tuberous or rarely fibrous, fleshy [[root]]s. The leaves are basal or occasionally cauline (i.e. emerging from the stem). They are variable in shape. They range from broadly ovate to elliptic, or absent at flowering.
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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The flowering [[Plant stem|stem]] has foliaceous sheaths. The stem is erect and spiraling (as the name ''Spiranthes'' indicates). It carries persistent, sheathing [[bract]]s. The resupinate, tubular  [[flower]]s are arranged in a more or less spirally twisted, showy or inconspicuous terminal spike. Their color is typically a shade of white or yellowish-white or even pink ( as in ''Spiranthes sinensis'').
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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This genus has undergone many taxonomic changes : originally ''Spiranthes'' contained all the species from the subtribe Spiranthinae. In 1920 Schlechter divided this genus in 24 genera. A revision by Williams in 1951 and by Schweinfurth in 1958, inflated the number of species of this genus again. Finally D. Szlachetko, with several studies in the 1990s, divided this genus in several genera, contained in 3 subtribes. During all these changes, there is only one species that has remained taxonomically unchanged : ''Spiranthes parksii''
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==Species==
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From Wikipedia{{wp}}:
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== Species ==
   
* ''[[Spiranthes aestivalis]]'' (Poir.) Rich. (1817) : Summer-flowering [[Spiranthes (Western  & Central Europe to NW. Africa)
 
* ''[[Spiranthes aestivalis]]'' (Poir.) Rich. (1817) : Summer-flowering [[Spiranthes (Western  & Central Europe to NW. Africa)
 
* ''[[Spiranthes angustilabris]]'' J.J.Sm. (1913) (New Guinea)
 
* ''[[Spiranthes angustilabris]]'' J.J.Sm. (1913) (New Guinea)
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Dr. Charles Sheviak, a taxonomist with the New York State Museum, has suggested that ''Spiranthes delitescens'' is an amphiploid hybrid between two species with different chromosome numbers, possibly ''Spiranthes vernalis'' and ''Spiranthes porrifolia'' Sheviak (1990) (Arizona).
 
Dr. Charles Sheviak, a taxonomist with the New York State Museum, has suggested that ''Spiranthes delitescens'' is an amphiploid hybrid between two species with different chromosome numbers, possibly ''Spiranthes vernalis'' and ''Spiranthes porrifolia'' Sheviak (1990) (Arizona).
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[[Image:Spiranthes spiralis 270805b.jpg|200px|thumb|right|''Spiranthes spiralis'' in its habitat]]
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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Spiranthes cernua(01).jpg|Spiranthes cernua
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</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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== References ==
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{{stub}}
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*{{cite journal| author = Schlechter, R. | title = Versuch einer systematischen Neuordnung der Spiranthinae | journal = Beih. Bot. Centralbl. | volume = 37 |pages=317-454| year = 1920}} (in German)
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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*{{cite journal | author = Williams, L.O.| title = The Orchidaceae of Mexico| journal = Ceiba | volume = 2 |pages = 1-321| year = 1951}}
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*{{cite journal | author = Schweinfurt C. | title = Orchids of Peru | journal = Fieldiana Bot. | volume = 30| pages = 1-260| year = 1958}}
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*{{cite journal | author = Szlachetko D.L. | title = Studies on Spirantheae (Orchidaceae) I. Varia | journal = Fragm. Flor. Geobot.|volume = 41| pages = 845-863| year = 1996}}
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*{{cite journal | author = Sheviak C. | title = A new Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) from the cienegas of southernmost Arizona | journal = Rhodora | volume = 92 | pages = 213-231 | year = 1990}}
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{{Commons|Spiranthes}}
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->
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[[Category:Orchid genera]]
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[[Category:Orchids of New Zealand]]
 
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