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Cicer, (old Latin name for the vetch). Leguminosae. Pea-like annual or perennial herbs, with 5-parted calyx, the lobes being nearly equal or the 2 upper ones somewhat shorter and connivent, oblong turgid 2-valved pod, mostly 1-fld. peduncles, odd-pinnate lvs. and toothed lfts.: standard ovate or nearly orbicular, wings obovate and free, keel rather broad and incurved: fls. white, blue or violet: terminal lft. often represented by a tendril or spine.—A dozen or more species, with a Mediterranean-Asian range. C. arietinum, Linn., the Chick-pea or Garbanzo, is sometimes cult. in vegetable-gardens for the edible ripe seeds. It is an annual and is cult. the same as bush beans. It withstands dry weather well. It grows 2 ft. high, making a bushy, hairy plant; seeds are planted as soon as warm weather comes, usually in drills, the plants standing 8-12 in. apart Lvs. with small, roundish lfts.: fls. white or reddish, small, axillary. Seed roundish, but flattened on the sides, with a projection on one side, shaped like a miniature ram's head (hence the name arietinum, in vars. of red, black and white. Much cult. in S. Eu. and Asia; and widely known in Calif. and in Mex., and other Spanish-American regions. The peas are eaten boiled, or roasted like peanuts, often used for soup or as a substitute for coffee; and some kinds are used for horse-feed. It is a promising crop for some purposes; yield sometimes 500 to 1,000 lbs. to the acre. L. H. B.
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