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Cladrastis kentukea (view source)

Revision as of 20:49, 22 July 2009

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
   
| name = ''Cladrastis kentukea''
 
| name = ''Cladrastis kentukea''
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| status =  
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| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = tree
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Branch 2000px.jpg
 
| image = Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Branch 2000px.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = Shoot with leaves
 
| image_caption = Shoot with leaves
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = [[Fabales]]
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| ordo = Fabales
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| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
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| familia = Fabaceae
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| subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
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| tribus = Sophoreae
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| tribus = [[Sophoreae]]
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| genus = Cladrastis  
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| genus = ''[[Cladrastis]]''
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| species = kentukea
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| species = '''''C. kentukea'''''
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}}
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| binomial = ''Cladrastis kentukea''
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{{Inc|
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| binomial_authority = ([[Georges Louis Marie Dumont de Courset|Dum.Cours.]]) Rudd
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Cladrastis kentukea (syn. C. lutea, Koch, C. tinctoria, Raf. Virgilia lutea, Michx.). Tree, with yellow wood and smooth bark, sometimes 50 ft.: lfts. 7-9, oval or ovate, glabrous, bright green, 3—4 in. long: panicles loose, drooping, 10-20 in. long; fls. white, fragrant, over 1 in. long. June. Ky., Tenn., and N. C. —One of the most beautiful flowering native trees, with wide, graceful head and a short trunk, well adapted as single tree on the lawn. Hardy north to New England and Ont. The wood yields a clear yellow dye. There is a var. aureo- variegata with lvs. variegated with yellow.
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{{SCH}}
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Cladrastis kentukea''''' ('''Kentucky Yellowwood''' or '''American Yellowwood''', syn. ''C. lutea'', ''C. tinctoria'') is a species of ''[[Cladrastis]]'' native to the southeastern [[United States]], with a restricted range from western [[North Carolina]] west to eastern [[Oklahoma]], and from southern [[Missouri]] and [[Indiana]] south to central [[Alabama]].
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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It is a small to medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] typically growing 10-15 m tall, exceptionally to 27 m tall, with a broad, rounded crown and smooth gray [[bark]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are compound pinnate, 20-30 cm long, with 5-11 (mostly 7-9) alternately arranged leaflets, each leaflet broad ovate with an acute apex, 6-13 cm long and 3-7 cm broad, with an entire margin and a thinly to densely hairy underside. In the fall, the leaves turn a mix of yellow, gold, and orange. The [[flower]]s are fragrant, white, produced in ''[[Wisteria]]''-like [[raceme]]s 15-30 cm long. Flowering is in early summer (June in its native region), and is variable from year to year, with heavy flowering every second or third year. The [[fruit]] is a [[legume|pod]] 5-8 cm long, containing 2-6 seeds.
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Plants from Alabama have the leaves more densely hairy underneath than those from further north, and are distinguished as ''C. kentukea'' f. ''tomentosa'' (Steyermark) Spongberg.
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The largest specimen known is at Spring Grove Cemetery in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], 22 m tall and 2.2 m trunk diameter; the tallest known is a slender tree 27 m tall but only 0.55 m trunk diameter, at [[Plott Cove Research Natural Area]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] (Spongberg & Ma 1997; Eastern Native Trees Society).
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Cultivation and uses===
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===Pests and diseases===
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It is widely grown as an [[ornamental tree]] for its attractive flowers, and is locally [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] in many areas of the eastern United States outside of its restricted native range. It thrives in full sunlight and in well-drained soil, althought it tolerates high pH and dry soil. The Yellowwood can withstand urban settings and is attractive to birds. A number of [[cultivar]]s have been selected, including 'Perkin's Pink' (syn. 'Rosea', an invalid name) with pink flowers.
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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The name yellowwood derives from its yellow [[heartwood]], used in small amounts for specialist [[furniture]], [[stock (firearm)|gunstocks]] and decorative [[woodturning]].
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==Species==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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==References==
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==Gallery==
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*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?50020 Germplasm Resources Information Network: ''Cladrastis kentukea'']
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CLKE USDA Plants Profile: ''Cladrastis kentukea'']
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*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Cladrastis+lutea Plants for a Future: ''Cladrastis lutea'']
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*Andrews, S. Trees of the Year: Cladrastis and Maakia. ''Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book'' 1996: 12–26.
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*Spongberg, S. A. & Ma, J.-S. (1997). Cladrastis (Leguminosae subfamily Faboideae tribe Sophoreae): a historic and taxonomic overview. ''Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book'' 1996: 27–35.
      
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[[Category:Faboideae]]
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==References==
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[[Category:Trees of Southeastern United States]]
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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