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Cocos (view source)

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Cocos (Portuguese, monkey, from the nut, which suggests a monkey's face). Palmaceae. This genus includes the coconut tree, C. nucifera, and a few pinnate palms cultivated for ornament in the North under glass, and in southern Florida and southern California as avenue and ornamental trees.
 
Cocos (Portuguese, monkey, from the nut, which suggests a monkey's face). Palmaceae. This genus includes the coconut tree, C. nucifera, and a few pinnate palms cultivated for ornament in the North under glass, and in southern Florida and southern California as avenue and ornamental trees.
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Of the species cultivated for ornament, C. Weddelliana is by far the most important. It is sold in great quantities from 3- and 4-inch pots when the plants are 12 to 15 inches high. They are favorite house-plants, as their culture is easy, and they grow slowly and retain their beauty a long while. They are much used in fern-dishes. As a house-plant, C. Weddelliana is probably the most popular species of all the smaller palms. It is especially suitable for table decoration. In distinguishing tropical from subtropical regions, the coconut is an excellent guide. It flourishes best where frost is never known, although there are magnificent specimens at Miami and Palm Beach, Florida, both places having rare but sharp frosts. The oil extracted from the nuts is an important article of commerce. The fiber refuse is much used by florists and gardeners. Being open, spongy, very retentive of moisture, clean and easily handled, it is a favorite material in which to root bedding-plants and to start very small seeds; but it is not used for permanent potting. See U. S. Dept. Agric., Bull, of Div. of Ent. (new series) 38:20-3, for a report of diseased coconuts. For culture of Cocos under glass, see Palms.
 
Of the species cultivated for ornament, C. Weddelliana is by far the most important. It is sold in great quantities from 3- and 4-inch pots when the plants are 12 to 15 inches high. They are favorite house-plants, as their culture is easy, and they grow slowly and retain their beauty a long while. They are much used in fern-dishes. As a house-plant, C. Weddelliana is probably the most popular species of all the smaller palms. It is especially suitable for table decoration. In distinguishing tropical from subtropical regions, the coconut is an excellent guide. It flourishes best where frost is never known, although there are magnificent specimens at Miami and Palm Beach, Florida, both places having rare but sharp frosts. The oil extracted from the nuts is an important article of commerce. The fiber refuse is much used by florists and gardeners. Being open, spongy, very retentive of moisture, clean and easily handled, it is a favorite material in which to root bedding-plants and to start very small seeds; but it is not used for permanent potting. See U. S. Dept. Agric., Bull, of Div. of Ent. (new series) 38:20-3, for a report of diseased coconuts. For culture of Cocos under glass, see Palms.
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Cocoa in Florida.—The species of the C. australis group (as known in the trade) are dry-land palms, the best and most beautiful palms adapted to poor sandy soils in Florida. In moist and rich ground they are subject to diseases, particularly to blight. On dry land, they thrive with great vigor, and although slow growers, they are strikingly beautiful specimens when only a few years old. They look best in groups of five or even a dozen planted together (about 12 to 15 feet apart). After they have formed trunks 5 to 10 feet high they are very impressive, particularly when the background consists of tall bamboos or dark evergreens such as Magnolia grandiflora or live-oaks. All the species of this group have leaves more or less glaucous, silvery white or bluish green. The leaflets are often very hard to the touch—very rigid. The petiole at its base is provided with short blunt spines. The roots are brown and quite numerous, but the root-system is very shallow, the trunks do not rest deep in the ground as is the case with the Sabal and Phoenix species, and for this reason they are easily blown over or they acquire a leaning disposition. In planting these palms, they should be set in a saucer-like cavity, which can be filled up gradually. Both young and old plants are easily transplanted in November and December, but it is always advisable to plant only young specimens. Few palms require so little care and fertilizer as these Cocos species. A good application of stable manure as a mulch when the rainy season begins helps them along wonderfully, or they many be fertilized with a combination consisting of equal parts of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash. The flowers are always inclosed in a club-like spathe varying in size from a large walking-stick to a baseball club. These spathes burst open with a crack and reveal the much-branched flower-spike, varying in color from a creamy white, yellowish, lavender-crimson to a deep violet. The fruits also vary in size and color. Some of them are not larger than a large pea, others as large as a plum, some are yellowish and others orange and red in color. (H. Nehrling.)
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Cocos in Florida.—The species of the C. australis group (as known in the trade) are dry-land palms, the best and most beautiful palms adapted to poor sandy soils in Florida. In moist and rich ground they are subject to diseases, particularly to blight. On dry land, they thrive with great vigor, and although slow growers, they are strikingly beautiful specimens when only a few years old. They look best in groups of five or even a dozen planted together (about 12 to 15 feet apart). After they have formed trunks 5 to 10 feet high they are very impressive, particularly when the background consists of tall bamboos or dark evergreens such as Magnolia grandiflora or live-oaks. All the species of this group have leaves more or less glaucous, silvery white or bluish green. The leaflets are often very hard to the touch—very rigid. The petiole at its base is provided with short blunt spines. The roots are brown and quite numerous, but the root-system is very shallow, the trunks do not rest deep in the ground as is the case with the Sabal and Phoenix species, and for this reason they are easily blown over or they acquire a leaning disposition. In planting these palms, they should be set in a saucer-like cavity, which can be filled up gradually. Both young and old plants are easily transplanted in November and December, but it is always advisable to plant only young specimens. Few palms require so little care and fertilizer as these Cocos species. A good application of stable manure as a mulch when the rainy season begins helps them along wonderfully, or they many be fertilized with a combination consisting of equal parts of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash. The flowers are always inclosed in a club-like spathe varying in size from a large walking-stick to a baseball club. These spathes burst open with a crack and reveal the much-branched flower-spike, varying in color from a creamy white, yellowish, lavender-crimson to a deep violet. The fruits also vary in size and color. Some of them are not larger than a large pea, others as large as a plum, some are yellowish and others orange and red in color. (H. Nehrling.)
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Cocos in California.—After passing through a severe test during the first week in January of the year 1913, the several species of Cocos palms are in a condition in which one may safely judge of their comparative hardiness. In the Cocos palms found in local gardens are two very distinct groups. These two groups may each contain but one species having several varieties, or they may consist of several species as they are known "in the trade," and it is upon the latter basis they are here dealt with. (1) The dwarf group is commonly and widely represented by the one known as C. australis and the other and less-known kinds are catalogued as C. Alphonsi, C. Bonnettii, C. campestris, C. Gaertneri, and C. Yatay. Occasionally two others, C. odorata and C. pulposa, are listed. All those named are quite hardy and may safely be planted from Los Angeles to San Francisco without fear of losing them through freezing, though in places some may get "scorched" while young. With age all become quite hardy. (2) To a taller and more striking group, belong those of which C. plumosa is the best known and, unfortunately, most widely planted type. These are C. botryophora, C. coronata, C. Datil, C. flexuosa, C. plumosa, and C. Ramanzoffiana. Of these six four have proved quite tender and three quite hardy, the latter lot resistant to at least a half-dozen degrees more of cold than the former. The tender ones are: C. botryophora, C. coronata, C. plumosa, and C. Romamoffiana. Those proving hardy over all of southern California in 1913 were C. Datil and C. flexuosa, the latter the only one at all common. To these may be added the true C. australis, not known here in the trade at all, a tall-growing species, and not the dwarf one commonly sold under this name. J. Harrison Wright, of Riverside, has grown this novel species and assures the writer of its hardiness in his garden where C. plumosa succumbs in comparatively mild winters. These notes are based upon a close study of these species and varieties as observed during the past few winters in the gardens of Los Angeles and Pasadena in Southern California. (Ernest Braunton.)
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The following are trade names of rare or botanically little-known plants not sufficiently described: C. Alphonsei. — C. Arechacaletana, Barb., is described as somewhat like C. Romanzoffiana but taller and making larger crowns. It is a native of Uruguay. — C. Blumenavi= C. eriospatha. — C. Bonnetii. — C. Gaertneri=(?). — C. Geriea, Hort. G.C. III. 27:293 figures C. Geriva, a remarkable Cocos (?) with 4 branches. Nothing further is known of this plant. It may be C. Geriba, Rodr.= C. botryophora. Mart. — C. Maximiliana, Hort. =(?).—<?. odorata, Rodr. St. short: lfts. in 3's or 5's, linear- lanceolate; petioles spiny: fr. yellowish green or pink, pulp scented. Brazil. R.H. 1893, p. 345.— C. pulposa, is supposed to be very tike C. eriospatha. This species is scarcely known in this country. — C. Yurumajnas=(?). N.Taylor.
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Cocos in California.—After passing through a severe test during the first week in January of the year 1913, the several species of Cocos palms are in a condition in which one may safely judge of their comparative hardiness. In the Cocos palms found in local gardens are two very distinct groups. These two groups may each contain but one species having several varieties, or they may consist of several species as they are known "in the trade," and it is upon the latter basis they are here dealt with. (1) The dwarf group is commonly and widely represented by the one known as C. australis and the other and less-known kinds are catalogued as C. Alphonsi, C. Bonnettii, C. campestris, C. Gaertneri, and C. Yatay. Occasionally two others, C. odorata and C. pulposa, are listed. All those named are quite hardy and may safely be planted from Los Angeles to San Francisco without fear of losing them through freezing, though in places some may get "scorched" while young. With age all become quite hardy. (2) To a taller and more striking group, belong those of which C. plumosa is the best known and, unfortunately, most widely planted type. These are C. botryophora, C. coronata, C. Datil, C. flexuosa, C. plumosa, and C. Ramanzoffiana. Of these six four have proved quite tender and three quite hardy, the latter lot resistant to at least a half-dozen degrees more of cold than the former. The tender ones are: C. botryophora, C. coronata, C. plumosa, and C. Romamoffiana. Those proving hardy over all of southern California in 1913 were C. Datil and C. flexuosa, the latter the only one at all common. To these may be added the true C. australis, not known here in the trade at all, a tall-growing species, and not the dwarf one commonly sold under this name. J. Harrison Wright, of Riverside, has grown this novel species and assures the writer of its hardiness in his garden where C. plumosa succumbs in comparatively mild winters. These notes are based upon a close study of these species and varieties as observed during the past few winters in the gardens of Los Angeles and Pasadena in Southern California.
 
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==Species==
 
==Species==
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The following are trade names of rare or botanically little-known plants not sufficiently described:
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*C. Alphonsei.
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*C. Arechavaletana, Barb., is described as somewhat like C. Romanzoffiana but taller and making larger crowns. It is a native of Uruguay.
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*C. Blumenavi (syn. C. eriospatha)
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*C. Bonnetii.
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*C. Gaertneri equals (?)
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*C. Geriva, Hort. Perhaps C. Geriva, a remarkable Cocos (?) with 4 branches. Nothing further is known of this plant. It may be C. Geriba, Rodr. (syn. C. botryophora, Mart.)
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*C. Maximiliana, Hort. equals (?)
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*C. odorata, Rodr. St. short: lfts. in 3's or 5's, linear- lanceolate; petioles spiny: fr. yellowish green or pink, pulp scented. Brazil. R.H. 1893, p. 345.
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*C. pulposa, is supposed to be very tike C. eriospatha. This species is scarcely known in this country.
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*C. Yurumajnas equals (?).
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==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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