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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Northern Red Oak
| status = LR/lc
| image = RedOakTreeTrunk.JPG
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = A large Northern Red Oak in [[New Jersey]]
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[eudicotyledon|Rosopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fagales]]
| familia = [[Fagaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Oak|Quercus]]''
| species = '''''Q. rubra'''''
| binomial = ''Quercus rubra''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
The '''Northern Red Oak''' or '''Champion Oak''', ''Quercus rubra'' ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''Quercus borealis''), is an [[oak]] in the [[List of Quercus species#Section Lobatae|red oak]] group (''Quercus'' section ''Lobatae''). It is a native of [[North America]], in the northeastern [[United States]] and southeast [[Canada]]. It grows from the north end of the [[Great Lakes (North America)|Great Lakes]], east to [[Nova Scotia]], south as far as [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and northern [[Alabama]], and west to eastern [[Kansas]]. It favors mesic or moderately moist valley and hillside sites with good soil that is slightly acidic. Often simply called "Red Oak", Northern Red Oak is formally so named to distinguish it from [[Southern Red Oak]] (''Q. falcata''), also known as the Spanish Oak.
[[Image:Quercus rubra 1.jpg|thumb|left|Foliage]]
In forests, the Northern Red Oak grows straight and tall, to 35 m (115 ft), exceptionally to 43 m (141 ft) tall, with a trunk of up to 1 m diameter; open-grown trees do not get so tall, but can develop a stouter trunk, up to 2 m (6.6 ft) diameter.
Northern Red Oak is easy to recognize by its bark, which features bark ridges that appear to have shiny stripes down the center. A few other oaks have bark with this kind of appearance in the upper tree, but the Northern Red Oak is the only tree with the striping all the way down the trunk.
The [[leaf|leaves]] are 12-25 cm (5-10 in) long, with 7-11 lobes; the [[lobes]] are bristle-tipped, and less deeply cut than most other oaks of the red oak group (except for [[Black Oak]] which can be similar). The [[acorn]]s are borne in a shallow cup 2 cm (0.8 in) wide, have a flat base and acute apex, 12-20 mm (0.5-0.8 in) long, green, maturing nut-brown about 18 months after [[pollination]]. Despite their bitter kernel, they are eaten by [[deer]], [[squirrels]] and [[birds]].
The largest Northern Red Oak recorded used to be in [[Ashford, Connecticut]]. The tree has since suffered falling limbs because of its great age. However this tree is still a sight to behold; the trunk is huge, 8 m (26 feet) in girth, and the root-knees impressive. The oak is located on Giant Oak Lane off [[U.S. Highway 44]]. There are several other large oaks in the area.
Northern Red Oak is the [[Provincial tree emblems of Canada|Provincial tree]] of [[Prince Edward Island]] and the [[list of US state trees|State tree]] of [[New Jersey]].
===Cultivation and uses===
It is one of the most important oaks for timber production in North America.The wood is of high value. Other related oaks are also cut and marketed as Red Oak, although their wood is not always of as high a quality. These include Black Oak, Scarlet Oak,Pin Oak, Shumard Oak, Southern Red Oak and other species in the red oak group. It has been widely introduced outside of its range, and is listed as an invasive species in some parts of Europe (notably Germany In Canada, it has been successful as far north as [[Edmonton]], and has become [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] at Revelstoke, British Columbia.
==References and external links==
{{commons|Quercus rubra}}
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501079 Flora of North America: ''Quercus rubra'']
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/quru.htm ''Quercus rubra'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
<gallery>
Image:Quercus_rubra_@_Tortworth_Court.jpg|Tree in fall color
Image:Bark red oak 8777.jpg|Detail of mature bark
Image:Young red oak bark.jpg|Young red oak bark
Image:RedOakLeafAcorn.jpg|Leaf and acorn
Image:Fall leaves and acorns.jpg|F
all leaves and acorns
</gallery>
[[Category:Fagaceae|Oak, Northern Red]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Northern Red Oak
| status = LR/lc
| image = RedOakTreeTrunk.JPG
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = A large Northern Red Oak in [[New Jersey]]
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[eudicotyledon|Rosopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fagales]]
| familia = [[Fagaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Oak|Quercus]]''
| species = '''''Q. rubra'''''
| binomial = ''Quercus rubra''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
The '''Northern Red Oak''' or '''Champion Oak''', ''Quercus rubra'' ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''Quercus borealis''), is an [[oak]] in the [[List of Quercus species#Section Lobatae|red oak]] group (''Quercus'' section ''Lobatae''). It is a native of [[North America]], in the northeastern [[United States]] and southeast [[Canada]]. It grows from the north end of the [[Great Lakes (North America)|Great Lakes]], east to [[Nova Scotia]], south as far as [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and northern [[Alabama]], and west to eastern [[Kansas]]. It favors mesic or moderately moist valley and hillside sites with good soil that is slightly acidic. Often simply called "Red Oak", Northern Red Oak is formally so named to distinguish it from [[Southern Red Oak]] (''Q. falcata''), also known as the Spanish Oak.
[[Image:Quercus rubra 1.jpg|thumb|left|Foliage]]
In forests, the Northern Red Oak grows straight and tall, to 35 m (115 ft), exceptionally to 43 m (141 ft) tall, with a trunk of up to 1 m diameter; open-grown trees do not get so tall, but can develop a stouter trunk, up to 2 m (6.6 ft) diameter.
Northern Red Oak is easy to recognize by its bark, which features bark ridges that appear to have shiny stripes down the center. A few other oaks have bark with this kind of appearance in the upper tree, but the Northern Red Oak is the only tree with the striping all the way down the trunk.
The [[leaf|leaves]] are 12-25 cm (5-10 in) long, with 7-11 lobes; the [[lobes]] are bristle-tipped, and less deeply cut than most other oaks of the red oak group (except for [[Black Oak]] which can be similar). The [[acorn]]s are borne in a shallow cup 2 cm (0.8 in) wide, have a flat base and acute apex, 12-20 mm (0.5-0.8 in) long, green, maturing nut-brown about 18 months after [[pollination]]. Despite their bitter kernel, they are eaten by [[deer]], [[squirrels]] and [[birds]].
The largest Northern Red Oak recorded used to be in [[Ashford, Connecticut]]. The tree has since suffered falling limbs because of its great age. However this tree is still a sight to behold; the trunk is huge, 8 m (26 feet) in girth, and the root-knees impressive. The oak is located on Giant Oak Lane off [[U.S. Highway 44]]. There are several other large oaks in the area.
Northern Red Oak is the [[Provincial tree emblems of Canada|Provincial tree]] of [[Prince Edward Island]] and the [[list of US state trees|State tree]] of [[New Jersey]].
===Cultivation and uses===
It is one of the most important oaks for timber production in North America.The wood is of high value. Other related oaks are also cut and marketed as Red Oak, although their wood is not always of as high a quality. These include Black Oak, Scarlet Oak,Pin Oak, Shumard Oak, Southern Red Oak and other species in the red oak group. It has been widely introduced outside of its range, and is listed as an invasive species in some parts of Europe (notably Germany In Canada, it has been successful as far north as [[Edmonton]], and has become [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] at Revelstoke, British Columbia.
==References and external links==
{{commons|Quercus rubra}}
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501079 Flora of North America: ''Quercus rubra'']
*[http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/frame/quru.htm ''Quercus rubra'' images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu]
<gallery>
Image:Quercus_rubra_@_Tortworth_Court.jpg|Tree in fall color
Image:Bark red oak 8777.jpg|Detail of mature bark
Image:Young red oak bark.jpg|Young red oak bark
Image:RedOakLeafAcorn.jpg|Leaf and acorn
Image:Fall leaves and acorns.jpg|F
all leaves and acorns
</gallery>
[[Category:Fagaceae|Oak, Northern Red]]
