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Chamaecyparis (view source)

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Chamaecyparis (chamai, dwarf, and kuparissos, cypress; referring to its affinity). Pinaceae. Trees or shrubs grown for their handsome evergreen foliage; also valuable timber trees; Retinosporas, in part.
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Evergreen, with opposite scale-like lvs. in 4 rows, densely clothing the compressed branchlets: fls. monoecious, small; pistillate inconspicuous, globose; staminate yellow or red, oblong, often conspicuous by their abundance: cones small, globular, with 6-11 bracts, each bearing 2, or rarely 5, winged seeds, ripening the first season. Closely allied to Cupressus, which differs in its larger cones maturing the second year, the bracts containing 4 or more seeds, and in its quadrangular branches and minutely denticulate lvs.—Six species in N. Amer. and E. Asia, all very valuable timber trees in their native countries. Highly ornamental evergreen trees of pyramidal habit, of which only C. thyoides is fully hardy N., while the Japanese species are hardy in sheltered positions north to New England, and C. Lawsoniana only from Mass. south; the horticultural varieties are often shrubby.
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'''''Chamaecyparis''''' is genus of conifers in the family [[Cupressaceae]], native to eastern [[Asia]] and western and eastern [[North America]]. It is one of several genera within the Cupressaceae that have the common name '''cypress'''.  
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They grow best in somewhat moist but well-drained, sandy loam and in a partly shaded position, sheltered against dry winds. C. Lawsoniana and C. obtusa like more dry, the others more moist situations, and C. thyoides grows well even in swamps. Propagated by seeds sown in spring; increased also by cuttings from mature wood in fall, inserted in a sandy soil and kept in a coolframe or greenhouse during the winter; if in early spring gentle bottom heat can be given, it will hasten the development of roots considerably. All the so-called retinosporas and the dwarfer forms, and most of the varieties of C. Lawsoniana, are readily increased in this way, while the other forms of C. noolkatensis, C. obtusa and C. thyoides do not grow well from cuttings; therefore for most varieties veneergrafting on seedling stock during the winter in greenhouse is preferred, but dwarf forms always should be grown from cuttings, as they often lose their dwarf habit if grafted. The so-called retinosporas of the gardens, with linear, spreading leaves, are juvenile forms, which have retained the foliage of the seedling state. There are similar forms in Thuja. For their distinguishing characters, see Retinospora. For the numerous gardens forms, see Beissner, Handb. der Nadelholzk., 2d ed., pp. 528-574, quoted below as Beissner.
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They are medium-sized to large [[evergreen]] [[tree]]s growing to 20-70 m tall, with foliage in flat sprays. The [[leaf|leaves]] are of two types, needle-like juvenile leaves on young seedlings up to a year old, and scale-like adult leaves. The cones are globose to oval, with 8-14 scales arranged in opposite decussate pairs; each scale bears 2-4 small [[seed]]s.
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C. formosensis, Matsum. (Cupressus formosensis, Henry). Allied to C. pisifera. Tree, to nearly 200 ft. and 20 ft. diam.: branchlets dull green on both surfaces or slightly bloomy below: lvs. acute, ovate: cones ovoid, 1/3in. across, with 10 or 11 scales. Formosa. G.C. III. 51:132, 133. — Recently intro. into England, but probably tender. Alfred rehder.
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==Species==
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There are five or six species, depending on taxonomic opinion:
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*Formosan Cypress ''[[Chamaecyparis formosensis]]''. Taiwan.
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*Lawson's Cypress ''[[Chamaecyparis lawsoniana]]''. Western North America.
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*Hinoki Cypress ''[[Chamaecyparis obtusa]]''. Japan.
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*Sawara Cypress ''[[Chamaecyparis pisifera]]''. Japan.
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*Taiwan Cypress ''[[Chamaecyparis taiwanensis]]'' (syn. ''C. obtusa'' var. ''formosana''). Taiwan.
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*White Cypress ''[[Chamaecyparis thyoides]]''. Eastern North America.
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Another species which used to be included in this genus, as ''Chamaecyparis nootkatensis'', has now been transferred on the basis of strong genetic and morphological evidence to the genus ''[[Cupressus]]'' as ''[[Cupressus nootkatensis]]'' (the name it was originally described under in 1824), or to a separate genus ''Callitropsis'' as ''Callitropsis nootkatensis''.
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Some of the species are sometimes wrongly called "[[cedar]]s", a name that correctly refers to the genus ''Cedrus'' in the family Pinaceae.
    
==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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Four species (''C. lawsoniana, C. obtusa, C. pisifera'', and ''C. thyoides'') are of considerable importance as ornamental trees in horticulture; several hundred [[cultivar]]s have been selected for various traits, including dwarf size, yellow, blue, silvery or variegated foliage, permanent retention of juvenile leaves, and thread-like shoots with reduced branching.
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The [[wood]] is scented, and is highly valued, particularly in Japan, where it is used for temple construction.
    
===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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Propagation is by seeds for the species, and cuttings or occasionally grafting, for named cultivars.
    
===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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The species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Juniper Pug Moth and Pine Beauty Moth. In some areas, cultivation is limited by ''[[Phytophthora]]'' root rot diseases, with ''C. lawsoniana'' being particularly susceptible to ''Phytophthora lateralis''.
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==Species==
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==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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==References==
 
==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=106431 Flora of North America: ''Chamaecyparis'']
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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* Farjon, A. (2005). ''Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4.
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
      
==External links==
 
==External links==
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Cupressaceae]]
    
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