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− | {{Taxobox | + | __NOTOC__{{Plantbox |
− | | color = lightgreen | + | | name = ''Alnus incana'' |
− | | name = Grey Alder | + | | common_names = Grey Alder |
| + | | growth_habit = ? <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc --> |
| + | | high = ? <!--- 1m (3 ft) --> |
| + | | wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --> |
| + | | origin = ? <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc --> |
| + | | poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --> |
| + | | lifespan = <!--- perennial, annual, etc --> |
| + | | exposure = ? <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --> |
| + | | water = ? <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --> |
| + | | features = <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive --> |
| + | | hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc --> |
| + | | bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --> |
| + | | usda_zones = ? <!--- eg. 8-11 --> |
| + | | sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --> |
| + | | color = IndianRed |
| | image = Alnus incana rugosa leaves.jpg | | | image = Alnus incana rugosa leaves.jpg |
− | | image_width = 240px | + | | image_width = 240px <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical --> |
| | image_caption = Speckled Alder ''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''rugosa'' | | | image_caption = Speckled Alder ''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''rugosa'' |
− | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | + | | regnum = Plantae |
− | | divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | + | | divisio = Magnoliophyta |
− | | classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]] | + | | classis = Magnoliopsida |
− | | ordo = [[Fagales]] | + | | ordo = Fagales |
− | | familia = [[Betulaceae]] | + | | familia = Betulaceae |
− | | genus = ''[[Alder|Alnus]]'' | + | | genus = Alnus |
− | | species = '''''A. incana''''' | + | | species = incana |
− | | binomial = ''Alnus incana''
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− | | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Conrad Moench|Moench]]
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| }} | | }} |
| + | {{Inc| |
| + | Alnus incana, Willd. Shrub or tree, to 60 ft. : branches pubescent: lvs. oval or oblong-ovate, acute, 1 1/4-4 in. long, doubly serrate, pubescent or nearly glabrous beneath: cones 4-8; mostly sessile, 1/2 in. long. Northern hemisphere, in different varieties. |
| + | {{SCH}} |
| + | }} |
| + | |
| + | ==Cultivation== |
| + | {{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> |
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− | The '''Grey Alder''' or '''Speckled Alder''' (''Alnus incana'') is an [[alder]] with a wide range across the cooler parts of the [[Northern Hemisphere]]. It is a small to medium size [[tree]] 15-20 m tall with smooth grey bark even in old age, its life span being a maximum of 60-100 years. The [[leaf|leaves]] are matt green, ovoid, 5-11 cm long and 4-8 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are [[catkin]]s, appearing early in spring before the leaves emerge, the male catkins pendulous, 5-10 cm long, the female catkins 1.5 cm long and 1 cm broad when mature in late autumn. The [[seed]]s are small, 1-2 mm long, light brown with a narrow encircling wing. The Grey Alder has a shallow root system, and is marked not only by vigorous production of stump suckers, but also by root suckers, especially in the northern parts of its range.
| + | ===Propagation=== |
| + | {{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> |
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− | The Grey Alder is a light-demanding, fast-growing tree that is very tolerant and grows well on poorer soils. In central Europe, it is a colonist of alluvial land alongside mountain brooks and streams, occurring at elevations up to 1500 metres. However, it does not require moist soil, and is a colonist of screes and shallow stony slopes. It is sometimes used for afforestation on non-fertile soils which it enriches by means of its nitrogen-fixing nodules. The wood resembles that of the common alder, but is somewhat paler and of little value.
| + | ===Pests and diseases=== |
| + | {{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --> |
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− | There are four to six subspecies, some treated as separate species by some authors: | + | ==Species== |
| + | There are four to six subspecies, some treated as separate species by some authors{{wp}}: |
| *''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''incana'' (Grey Alder). Northern [[Europe]] and northwestern [[Asia]], and central and southern Europe in mountains, mainly in the regions of the [[Alps]], [[Carpathian |Carpathians]] and the [[Caucasus]]. | | *''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''incana'' (Grey Alder). Northern [[Europe]] and northwestern [[Asia]], and central and southern Europe in mountains, mainly in the regions of the [[Alps]], [[Carpathian |Carpathians]] and the [[Caucasus]]. |
| *''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''hirsuta'' (''A. hirsuta''; Manchurian Alder). Northeastern [[Asia]], and central Asia in mountains. | | *''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''hirsuta'' (''A. hirsuta''; Manchurian Alder). Northeastern [[Asia]], and central Asia in mountains. |
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| *''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''tenuifolia'' (''A. tenuifolia''; Thinleaf Alder or Mountain Alder). Northwestern [[North America]]. | | *''Alnus incana'' subsp. ''tenuifolia'' (''A. tenuifolia''; Thinleaf Alder or Mountain Alder). Northwestern [[North America]]. |
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− | Several species of [[List of Lepidoptera which feed on Alders|Lepidoptera]] use Grey Alder as a food plant.
| + | From SCH{{SCH}}: |
| + | Var. glauca, Ait. (A. glauca, Michx.). Shrub, to 12 ft.: lvs. often nearly glabrous beneath. N. Amer., Eu. Em. 251. |
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| + | Var. vulgaris, Spach. Tree, to 50 ft.: lvs. usually densely pubescent beneath: cones 1 in. long. Eu., Asia. |
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| + | Var. pinnatifida, Spach (var. laciniata, Hort.). Lvs. pinnately lobed or cleft, with dentate lobes. |
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| + | ==Gallery== |
| + | {{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --> |
| + | |
| + | <gallery> |
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 |
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 |
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 |
| + | </gallery> |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
− | *[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Alnus&SPECIES_XREF=incana&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Alnus incana''] | + | *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 |
− | *[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500033 Flora of North America: ''Alnus incana''] | + | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> |
| + | <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> |
| + | <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> |
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| + | ==External links== |
| + | *{{wplink}} |
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| + | {{stub}} |
| + | [[Category:Categorize]] |
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− | [[Category:Betulaceae]]
| + | <!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --> |
− | [[Category:Flora of Estonia]]
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− | [[Category:Trees of Canada|Alder, Grey]]
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− | [[Category:Trees of Western United States|Alder, Grey]]
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