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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Legumes
| image = Flowering_kudzu-thumb.USDA.jpg
| image_caption = [[Kudzu]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| familia = '''Fabaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[John Lindley|Lindl.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision =
[[Caesalpinioideae]]<br>
[[Mimosoideae]]<br>
[[Faboideae]]
</td></tr><tr><th bgcolor="lightgreen">References</th><tr>
<tr><td>[http://pgrc3.agr.ca/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?440 GRIN-CA] 2002-09-01
}}
'''Fabaceae''' is the botanical name of a large and economically important family of [[flowering plant]]s, which includes the plants commonly known as '''legumes'''. In its broadest circumscription, used here, the Fabaceae ''sensu lato'', also known by the acceptable alternative name '''Leguminosae''', is the third largest family of [[flowering plant]]s (after [[Asteraceae]] and [[Orchidaceae]]) with 650 genera and over 18,000 species. These are commonly called '''[[legume]]s''' or '''[[Pulse (legume)|pulses]]''' and the [[family (biology)|family]] contains some of our most valuable [[food]] crops, such as [[bean]]s, [[pea]]s, [[peanut]]s, [[soybean]]s, and [[lentil]]s. Other members of the family are important sources of animal feed or green manure, such as [[lupin]]s, [[clover]], [[alfalfa]], [[Cassia (genus)|cassia]], and soybean. Some genera such as ''[[Laburnum]]'', ''[[Robinia]]'', ''[[Gleditsia]]'', ''[[Acacia]]'', ''[[Mimosa]]'', and ''[[Delonix]]'' are ornamental [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s. Still other members of the family have medicinal or insecticidal properties (for instance ''[[Derris]]'') or yield important substances like [[gum arabic]], [[tannin]], [[dye]]s, or [[resin]]s.
Some plants of this family are important [[Pest (organism)|pests]]. For example, ''[[Pueraria lobata]]'' (kudzu), an east [[Asia]]n species originally planted in the U.S. southeast for soil improvement and as a cattle feed, has there become extremely [[Invasive species|invasive]].
All members of this family have five-petaled flowers in which the superior ovary ripens to form a "pod", technically called a [[legume]], whose two sides split apart, releasing the seeds which are attached to one or both seams.
According to the classification system being consulted, the name "Fabaceae" can have one of two different meanings:
# As used here, it can refer to a large family, Fabaceae ''sensu lato'', which consists of three subfamilies, [[Mimosoideae]], [[Caesalpinioideae]], and [[Faboideae]] (often called Papilionoideae). The ''[[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]]'' allows the use of Leguminosae as an equivalent botanical name to this larger family. This meaning is used by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|APG]] system and many floras.
# Alternatively, it can refer to the subfamily Faboideae treated at the family level. In this circumscription, the other two subfamilies become the families Mimosaceae and Caesalpiniaceae. This circumscription is used in the [[Cronquist system]] and elsewhere. The smaller Fabaceae in this system can be referred to as "Papilionaceae", a name also approved by ''[[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]]''.
In consulting any reference that uses the name Fabaceae, care should be taken to make sure what group it applies to.
==Subfamilies==
The Fabaceae are traditionally classified into three subfamilies (raised in the alternate classification to the rank of family in the order Fabales), on the basis of [[flower]] morphology (specifically, [[petal]] shape):
[[Image:Wisteria sinensis anatomia en.png|thumb|left|300px|A flower of ''[[Wisteria sinensis]]'', Faboideae. Two petals have been removed to show stamens and pistil]]
* [[Caesalpinioideae]] (Caesalpiniaceae): The flowers are [[zygomorphic]], but are very variable, e.g. closely resembling Faboideae flowers in ''[[Cercis]]'', while symmetrical with five equal petals in ''[[Bauhinia]]''.
* [[Mimosoideae]] (Mimosaceae): The petals are small, and are frequently globose or spicate and the stamens a
re the most showy part of the flower.
* [[Faboideae]] or [[Papilionoideae]] (Fabaceae ''sensu strictu'' or Papilionaceae): One petal (the '''banner''') is large and has a crease in it, the two adjacent petals ('''wings''') are on the sides, and the two bottom petals are joined together at the bottom, forming a boat-like structure ('''keel''').
==Nitrogen fixation==
A significant characteristic of legumes is that they host [[bacterium|bacteria]] in their roots, within structures called '''[[root nodule]]s'''. These bacteria known as [[rhizobia]] have the ability to take [[nitrogen]] gas (N<sub>2</sub>) out of the air and convert it to a form of nitrogen that is usable to the host plant ( [[Nitrate|NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>]] or [[Ammonia|NH<sub>3</sub>]]). This process is called '''[[nitrogen fixation]]'''. The legume, acting as a host; and [[rhizobia]], acting as a provider of usable nitrate, form a [[symbiosis|symbiotic]] relationship.
==External links==
{{commonscat|Fabaceae}}
* [http://www.ildis.org/ International Legume Database & Information Service]
* [http://tolweb.org/Fabaceae/21093 Tree of Life Fabaceae]
* [http://www.nenno.it/Beanref/ Beanref - Links to research on Beans]
* [http://lupins-bk.blogspot.com/ Lupins. Geography, classification, genetic resources and breeding]
[[Category:Legumes| ]]
[[Category:Plant families]]
[[Category:Nitrogen metabolism]]
[[Category:Soil improvers]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Legumes
| image = Flowering_kudzu-thumb.USDA.jpg
| image_caption = [[Kudzu]]
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| familia = '''Fabaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[John Lindley|Lindl.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision =
[[Caesalpinioideae]]<br>
[[Mimosoideae]]<br>
[[Faboideae]]
</td></tr><tr><th bgcolor="lightgreen">References</th><tr>
<tr><td>[http://pgrc3.agr.ca/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?440 GRIN-CA] 2002-09-01
}}
'''Fabaceae''' is the botanical name of a large and economically important family of [[flowering plant]]s, which includes the plants commonly known as '''legumes'''. In its broadest circumscription, used here, the Fabaceae ''sensu lato'', also known by the acceptable alternative name '''Leguminosae''', is the third largest family of [[flowering plant]]s (after [[Asteraceae]] and [[Orchidaceae]]) with 650 genera and over 18,000 species. These are commonly called '''[[legume]]s''' or '''[[Pulse (legume)|pulses]]''' and the [[family (biology)|family]] contains some of our most valuable [[food]] crops, such as [[bean]]s, [[pea]]s, [[peanut]]s, [[soybean]]s, and [[lentil]]s. Other members of the family are important sources of animal feed or green manure, such as [[lupin]]s, [[clover]], [[alfalfa]], [[Cassia (genus)|cassia]], and soybean. Some genera such as ''[[Laburnum]]'', ''[[Robinia]]'', ''[[Gleditsia]]'', ''[[Acacia]]'', ''[[Mimosa]]'', and ''[[Delonix]]'' are ornamental [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s. Still other members of the family have medicinal or insecticidal properties (for instance ''[[Derris]]'') or yield important substances like [[gum arabic]], [[tannin]], [[dye]]s, or [[resin]]s.
Some plants of this family are important [[Pest (organism)|pests]]. For example, ''[[Pueraria lobata]]'' (kudzu), an east [[Asia]]n species originally planted in the U.S. southeast for soil improvement and as a cattle feed, has there become extremely [[Invasive species|invasive]].
All members of this family have five-petaled flowers in which the superior ovary ripens to form a "pod", technically called a [[legume]], whose two sides split apart, releasing the seeds which are attached to one or both seams.
According to the classification system being consulted, the name "Fabaceae" can have one of two different meanings:
# As used here, it can refer to a large family, Fabaceae ''sensu lato'', which consists of three subfamilies, [[Mimosoideae]], [[Caesalpinioideae]], and [[Faboideae]] (often called Papilionoideae). The ''[[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]]'' allows the use of Leguminosae as an equivalent botanical name to this larger family. This meaning is used by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|APG]] system and many floras.
# Alternatively, it can refer to the subfamily Faboideae treated at the family level. In this circumscription, the other two subfamilies become the families Mimosaceae and Caesalpiniaceae. This circumscription is used in the [[Cronquist system]] and elsewhere. The smaller Fabaceae in this system can be referred to as "Papilionaceae", a name also approved by ''[[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]]''.
In consulting any reference that uses the name Fabaceae, care should be taken to make sure what group it applies to.
==Subfamilies==
The Fabaceae are traditionally classified into three subfamilies (raised in the alternate classification to the rank of family in the order Fabales), on the basis of [[flower]] morphology (specifically, [[petal]] shape):
[[Image:Wisteria sinensis anatomia en.png|thumb|left|300px|A flower of ''[[Wisteria sinensis]]'', Faboideae. Two petals have been removed to show stamens and pistil]]
* [[Caesalpinioideae]] (Caesalpiniaceae): The flowers are [[zygomorphic]], but are very variable, e.g. closely resembling Faboideae flowers in ''[[Cercis]]'', while symmetrical with five equal petals in ''[[Bauhinia]]''.
* [[Mimosoideae]] (Mimosaceae): The petals are small, and are frequently globose or spicate and the stamens a
re the most showy part of the flower.
* [[Faboideae]] or [[Papilionoideae]] (Fabaceae ''sensu strictu'' or Papilionaceae): One petal (the '''banner''') is large and has a crease in it, the two adjacent petals ('''wings''') are on the sides, and the two bottom petals are joined together at the bottom, forming a boat-like structure ('''keel''').
==Nitrogen fixation==
A significant characteristic of legumes is that they host [[bacterium|bacteria]] in their roots, within structures called '''[[root nodule]]s'''. These bacteria known as [[rhizobia]] have the ability to take [[nitrogen]] gas (N<sub>2</sub>) out of the air and convert it to a form of nitrogen that is usable to the host plant ( [[Nitrate|NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>]] or [[Ammonia|NH<sub>3</sub>]]). This process is called '''[[nitrogen fixation]]'''. The legume, acting as a host; and [[rhizobia]], acting as a provider of usable nitrate, form a [[symbiosis|symbiotic]] relationship.
==External links==
{{commonscat|Fabaceae}}
* [http://www.ildis.org/ International Legume Database & Information Service]
* [http://tolweb.org/Fabaceae/21093 Tree of Life Fabaceae]
* [http://www.nenno.it/Beanref/ Beanref - Links to research on Beans]
* [http://lupins-bk.blogspot.com/ Lupins. Geography, classification, genetic resources and breeding]
[[Category:Legumes| ]]
[[Category:Plant families]]
[[Category:Nitrogen metabolism]]
[[Category:Soil improvers]]
