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{{Unreferenced|date=March 2007}}
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Dactylorhiza''
| image = DactylorhizaFuchsii.jpg
| image_width = 225px
| image_caption = Common Spotted Orchid<br /> (''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'')
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Orchidoideae]]
| tribus = Orchideae
| subtribus = Orchidinae
| genus = '''''Dactylorhiza'''''
| genus_authority = Necker ex [[Sergei Arsenjevic Nevski|Nevski]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''''Dactylorhiza''''' Necker ex Nevski 1937, is a genus of [[terrestrial plant|terrestrial (ground-dwelling) plants]] from the orchid family ([[Orchidaceae]]).
The name ''Dactylorhiza'' is derived from Greek words δάκτυλος "daktylos" (finger) and ρίζα "rhiza" (root). This is because of the shape of the genus' two underground tubers. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''[[Orchis]]''.
These orchids are distributed throughout the subarctic and temperate northern hemisphere : in [[Europe]], from [[Scandinavia]] to [[North Africa]]; also on [[Madeira]], [[Iceland]], West [[Asia]], North Asia, the [[Himalayas]], [[North America]] and even in [[Alaska]].
These terrestrial orchids grow in basic soils in wet meadows, bogs, heathland and in areas sparsely populated by trees. They are tuberous geophytes. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions.
The long [[Leaf|leaves]] are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long [[Plant stem|stem]] which reaches a height of 70-90 cm. Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem.
The [[inflorescence]], compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact [[raceme]] with 25-50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.
Many 'species' in this genus hybridise so readily that species boundaries themselves are vague, with regular name changes and no clear answers. A few species colonise very well onto fresh industrial wastes such as [[pulverised fuel ash]], where vast hybrid swarms can appear for a decade or more, before ecological succession replaces them.
== Species ==
[[Image:Dactylorhiza incarnata.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Spotted Orchid<br />(''Dactylorhiza incarnata'')]]
[[Image:Dactylorhiza-majalis-web.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Leopard Marsh Orchid<br />(''Dactylorhiza praetermissa'')]]
[[Image:Dactylorhiza majalis.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Broad-leaved Marsh Orchid<br />(''Dactylorhiza majalis)'']]
There are many species that cross-fertilize, giving an immense variation and complicating classification.
*''Dactylorhiza alpestris'' : Alpine Dactylorhiza (Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians).
*''Dactylorhiza angustata'' (France).
*''Dactylorhiza aristata'' : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska).
**''Dactylorhiza aristata'' var. ''aristata'' : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza aristata'' var. ''kodiakensis'' : Kodiak Keyflower (Aleutian Is. to SW. Alaska). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza armeniaca'' (Turkey) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza euxina'' subsp. ''armeniaca'' (Hedrén) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza atlantica'' Kreutz & Vlaciha (Morocco)
*''Dactylorhiza baldshuanica'' (C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza baltica'' (Eastern Europe) (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza longifolia'' (Neuman) Aver.)
*''Dactylorhiza baumanniana'' (N. Greece).
**''Dactylorhiza baumanniana'' subsp. ''smolikana'' (B. Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (Greece)
*''Dactylorhiza bohemica'' (EC. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' (Fr.) Soó (SE. Europe to Ukraine).
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''bosniaca'' (N. Balkan Pen). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''cordigera'' (SE. Europe to Ukraine).
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''graeca'' (H.Baumann) Presser)
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''pindica'' (B. Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (NW. Greece).
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''rhodopeia'' Presser (Greece, Southeastern Europe, Europe)
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''siculorum'' (Romania to W. Ukraine). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza elata'' (Poir.) Soó : Stately Dactylorhiza (W. Europe to NW. Africa).
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''ambigua'' (Martrin-Donos) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''brennensis'' (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''elata'' (NW. Africa. Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''mauritanica'' B.Baumann & H. Baumann (Morocco, Algeria)
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' (SW. Europe to Sicilia). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza euxina'' (Nevski) Czerep.
**''Dactylorhiza euxina'' subsp. ''armeniaca'' (Hedrén) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza flavescens'' (Turkey to C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza foliosa'' : Richly-leaved Dactylorhiza (Madeira).
*''[[Dactylorhiza fuchsii]]'' (Druce) Soó : Common Spotted Orchid, Fuch's Dactylorhiza (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Batousek & Kreutz) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''meyeri'' (Rchb.f.) Kulikov & E.G.Philippov
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''okellyi'' (Ireland, W. Great Britain).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''psychrophila'' (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' var. ''sooana'' (Borsos) Kreutz (Hungary)
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' var. ''sudetica'' (Poech ex Rchb.f.) H.Baumann
*''Dactylorhiza gervasiana'' (Sicilia to S. Italy).
*''Dactylorhiza graeca'' (N. Greece) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''graeca'' (H.Baumann) Presser)
*''Dactylorhiza graggeriana'' (W. Himalaya).
*''Dactylorhiza hatagirea'' (Pakistan to SE. Tibet).
*''Dactylorhiza iberica'' (Greece to Iran).
*''Dactylorhiza ilgazica'' (N. Turkey) - now synonym of ''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''ilgazica'' (Kreutz) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' (L.) Soó : Spotted Orchid (Europe to Mongolia).
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' var. ''baumgartneriana'' (B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter) P.Delforge
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''coccinea'' : '''Early Marsh Orchid, Northern Marsh Orchid''' (Great Britain, Ireland). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' (Europe to Turkey). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''gemmana'' (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''incarnata'' (Europe to Mongolia). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''krylovii'' (W. Europe to Siberia).Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''lobelii'' (Norway to The Netherlands). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''versicolor'' (Europe) Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza insularis'' : Island Dactylorhiza (W. Medit. to WC. Italy).
*''Dactylorhiza kafiriana'' (NE. Afghanistan to W. Himalaya).
*''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' E.Nelson (N. Greece).
**''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''macedonica'' (J.Hölzinger & Künkele) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''pythagorae'' (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza kulikalonica'' (C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' (Laest.ex Hartm.) Soó (N. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' subsp. ''angustata'' (Arv.-Touv.) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' subsp. ''rhaetica'' H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (Alps of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and France)
*''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' subsp. ''russowii'' (Klinge) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (C. Europe to Siberia).
*''Dactylorhiza libanotica'' (Lebanon)
*''Dactylorhiza longifolia'' (Europe to C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza macedonica'' (N. Greece) - now a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''macedonica'' (J.Hölzinger & Künkele) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza maculata'' (L.) Soó : Heath Spotted Orchid, Moorland Spotted Orchid (NW. Africa, Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''battandieri'' (N. Algeria).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''caramulensis'' (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' : Heath Spotted Orchid (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''islandica'' (Iceland).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''kolaensis'' (Montell) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maculata'' (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maurusia'' (Morocco)
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''podesta'' (Netherlands).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''rhoumensis'' (Great Britain)
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''savogiensis'' (D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''schurii'' (Carpathians).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''sennia'' (Vollmar) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''transsilvanica'' (SC. & SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza magna'' (C. Asia).
*''[[Dactylorhiza majalis]]'' (Rchb.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh. : Broad-leaved Marsh Orchid, Western Marsh Orchid, Fan Orchid, Common Marsh Orchid (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' var. ''brevifolia'' (Rchb.f.) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''calcifugiens'' (Denmark)
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''cambrensis'' (Coastal Great Britain and Denmark) (now synonym of ''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' (T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) Soó var. ''cambrensis'' (R.H.Roberts) R.M.Bateman & Denholm 2005)
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis'' (W. & SW. Ireland, N. Great Britain).
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''parvimajalis'' (D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''purpurella'' : Early Marsh Orchid, Northern Marsh Orchid (NW. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''sphagnicola''
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (Alps to W. Carpathians) - has become a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (F.Proch.) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza markusii'' : Markus' Dactylorhiza (N. Portugal to W. Spain and Italy).
*''Dactylorhiza nieschalkiorum'' (N. Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' (Turkey to Syria).
**''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' var. ''anatolica'' (Turkey). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' var. ''osmanica'' (Turkey to Syria). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza pindica'' (NW. Greece).
*''[[Dactylorhiza praetermissa]]'' : Leopard Marsh Orchid, Southern Marsh Orchid (W. & NW. Europe)
**''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' (T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) Soó var. ''cambrensis'' (R.H.Roberts) R.M.Bateman & Denholm 2005
*''Dactylorhiza pythagorae'' (E. Aegean Is.) - now a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''pythagorae'' (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza romana'' : Roman Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean)
*''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' (Brongn.) Soó : Sack-carrying Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean).
**''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' subsp. ''bithynica'' (H.Baumann) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' subsp. ''gervasiana'' (Tod.) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza salina'' (Caucasus to Amur)
*''Dactylorhiza sambucina'' : '''Elder-flowered Orchid''' (Europe). [[Commons:Dactylorhiza sambucina|Photos]]
*''Dactylorhiza sudetica'' (Europe to Siberia)
*''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' (Saut. ex Rchb.) Soó : Narrow-leaved Marsh Orchid, Traunstein's Dactylorhiza, Irish Marsh Dactylorhiza (Europe to W. Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Slovakia) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Batousek & Kreutz) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (F.Proch.) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''''curvifolia'''' (N. & NE. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''traunsteineri'' (Europe to W. Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''wirtgenii'' (Höppner) Kreutz
**''[[Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides]]'' (Pugsley)Landwehr (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''traunsteineri'')
*''Dactylorhiza umbrosa'' (W. & C. Asia to Siberia)
*''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele (N. & NE. Turkey to Iran)
**''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''bithynica'' (H.Baumann) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz
**''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''phoenissa'' B. Baumann & H. Baumann (Lebanon)
**''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''ilgazica'' (Kreutz) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza viridis'' (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere).
**''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''virescens'' (Temp. Asia, N. America)
**''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''viridis'' (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere)
== Hybrids ==
[[Image:Dactylorhiza x aschersoniana 190505.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana'']]
[[Image:Dactylorhiza x braunii 030606.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Dactylorhiza × braunii'']]
Note : nothosubspecies = a hybrid subspecies; nothovarietas = subvariety.
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''abantiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. nieschalkiorum'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aldenii'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. kalopissii'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''altobracensis'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (France, Austria).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'') (W. & C. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''aschersoniana'' (W. & C. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''templinensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothovar. ''uliginosa'' (''D. incarnata subsp.pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''baicalica '' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. salina'') (Siberia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''balabaniana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''bayburtiana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''beckeriana'' (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''boluiana'' (''D. nieschalkiorum'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''bourdonii '' (''D. brennensis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (France).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''braunii'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''lilacina'' (''D fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''turfosa'') (EC. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''monticola'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''psychrophila'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''smitakii'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''sooana'' × ''D. majalis'') (EC. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''breviceras'' (''D. osmanica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'') (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''ampolai'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. maculata'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''carnea'' (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''maculatiformis''. (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'') (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''claudiopolitana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. schurii'') (Europe.
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''conigerum'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''csatoi'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. maculata'') (SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza czerniakowskae'' (C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''daunia'' (''D. romana'' × ''D. saccifera'') (S. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''delamainii'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. maculata'') (SW. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis'') (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''dinglensis'' (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''robertsii'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''cambrensi'') (Great Britain). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''senayi'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe).Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''townsendiana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''vermeuleniana'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''drucei'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe)
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dubreuilhii'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftiana'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''dufftii'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''gotlandica'' (''D incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''stenkyrkae'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''erdingeri'' (''D. sambucina'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza euxina'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus).
**''Dactylorhiza euxina''var. ''euxina'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza euxina''var. ''markowitschii'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''flixensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. traunsteineri.'') (Switzerland).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''formosa'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''fourkensis'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gabretana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''genevensis'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. latifolia'' × ''D. maculata'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''godferyana'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''grandis'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guilhotii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guillaumeae'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gustavssonii'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece to Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' (''D maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' nothosubsp. ''hallii'' (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' nothosubsp. ''nummiana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hochreutinerana'' (''D. alpestris'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''insignis'' (''D. praetermissa'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ishorica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. longifolia'') (European Russia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''jenensis'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (W. & NC. Europe)
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''jestrebiensis'' (''D. bohemica'' × ''D. majalis'') (EC. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''juennensis'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. lapponica'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''katarana'' (''D kalopissii'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kelleriana'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerasovinensis'' (''D. pindica'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. incarnata'') (Europe).
** ''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''kerneriorum'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''lillsundica'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'') (N. & W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''variablis'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''komiensis'' (''D. hebridensis'' × ''D. maculata'') (
E. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kopdagiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''koutsourana'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. smolikana'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kuuskiae'' (''D.longifolia'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (E. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''latirella'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''lehmannii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. russowii'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''megapolitana'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. russowii'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''metsowonensis'' (''D. kalopissii'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''mixtum'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''mulignensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''nevskii'' (''D. osmanica'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ornonensis'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''paridaeniana'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''pontica'' (''D. urvilleana'' × ''D. viridis'') (Turkey)
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''prochazkana'' (''D. bohemica'' × ''D. maculata'') (EC. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''renzii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. nieschalkiorum'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rizeana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rombucina'' (''D. romana'' × ''D. sambucina'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ruppertii'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''salictina'' (''D. pindica'' × ''D. smolikana'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''serbica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''serreana'' (''D. graeca'' × ''D. lagotis'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''sivasiana'' (''D. umbrosa'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''sooi'' (''D. alpestris'' × ''D. fuchsii.'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''souflikensis'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. pindica'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''stagni-novi'' (''D. brennensis'' × ''D. fuchsii'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''szaboiana'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. sudetica'') (SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'') (Europe)
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' nothosubsp. ''corylensis'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. maculata'')
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens''subsp. ''ericetorum'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' nothosubsp. ''transiens'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''turcestanicum'' (''D. umbrosa'' × ''D. viridis'') (C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vallis-peenae'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. russowii'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. purpurella'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' nothosubsp. ''hebridella'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. purpurella'') (Great Britain). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' nothosubsp. ''venusta'' (Europe) Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''viridella'' (''D. purpurella'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vitosana'' (''D. saccifera'' × ''D. sambucina'') (SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vogtiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. incarnata'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vorasica'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''weissenbachiana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. lapponica'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''wiefelspuetziana'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. sphagnicola'') (W. Europe).
This list follows the ''World checklist of monocotyledons'',<ref> [http://www.kew.org/wcsp/prepareChecklist.do;jsessionid=88DBFB5050F36B15DD041440E1641302?checklist=monocots%40%40031310120061350485 World checklist of monocotyledons]. </ref> periodically amended from the "Orchid Research Newsletter", both of [[Kew Botanical Gardens]].<ref> [http://www.kew.org/herbarium/orchid/ Orchid research Newsletter]</ref>
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[htt
p://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=109214 Flora of North America Genus page]
*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/9/1419 Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) in European Russia: combined molecular and morphological analysis]
{{Commons|Dactylorhiza|''Dactylorhiza''}}
[[Category:Orchid genera]]
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Dactylorhiza''
| image = DactylorhizaFuchsii.jpg
| image_width = 225px
| image_caption = Common Spotted Orchid<br /> (''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'')
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Orchidoideae]]
| tribus = Orchideae
| subtribus = Orchidinae
| genus = '''''Dactylorhiza'''''
| genus_authority = Necker ex [[Sergei Arsenjevic Nevski|Nevski]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''''Dactylorhiza''''' Necker ex Nevski 1937, is a genus of [[terrestrial plant|terrestrial (ground-dwelling) plants]] from the orchid family ([[Orchidaceae]]).
The name ''Dactylorhiza'' is derived from Greek words δάκτυλος "daktylos" (finger) and ρίζα "rhiza" (root). This is because of the shape of the genus' two underground tubers. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''[[Orchis]]''.
These orchids are distributed throughout the subarctic and temperate northern hemisphere : in [[Europe]], from [[Scandinavia]] to [[North Africa]]; also on [[Madeira]], [[Iceland]], West [[Asia]], North Asia, the [[Himalayas]], [[North America]] and even in [[Alaska]].
These terrestrial orchids grow in basic soils in wet meadows, bogs, heathland and in areas sparsely populated by trees. They are tuberous geophytes. In a thickened underground stem, they can store a large amount of water to survive arid conditions.
The long [[Leaf|leaves]] are lanceolate and, in most species, also speckled. They grow along a rather long [[Plant stem|stem]] which reaches a height of 70-90 cm. Leaves higher on the stem are shorter than leaves lower on the stem.
The [[inflorescence]], compared to the length of the plant, is rather short. It consists of a compact [[raceme]] with 25-50 flowers. These develop from axillary buds. The dominant colors are all shades of pink to red, sprinkled with darker speckles.
Many 'species' in this genus hybridise so readily that species boundaries themselves are vague, with regular name changes and no clear answers. A few species colonise very well onto fresh industrial wastes such as [[pulverised fuel ash]], where vast hybrid swarms can appear for a decade or more, before ecological succession replaces them.
== Species ==
[[Image:Dactylorhiza incarnata.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Spotted Orchid<br />(''Dactylorhiza incarnata'')]]
[[Image:Dactylorhiza-majalis-web.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Leopard Marsh Orchid<br />(''Dactylorhiza praetermissa'')]]
[[Image:Dactylorhiza majalis.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Broad-leaved Marsh Orchid<br />(''Dactylorhiza majalis)'']]
There are many species that cross-fertilize, giving an immense variation and complicating classification.
*''Dactylorhiza alpestris'' : Alpine Dactylorhiza (Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians).
*''Dactylorhiza angustata'' (France).
*''Dactylorhiza aristata'' : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska).
**''Dactylorhiza aristata'' var. ''aristata'' : Keyflower (E. China to Alaska). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza aristata'' var. ''kodiakensis'' : Kodiak Keyflower (Aleutian Is. to SW. Alaska). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza armeniaca'' (Turkey) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza euxina'' subsp. ''armeniaca'' (Hedrén) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza atlantica'' Kreutz & Vlaciha (Morocco)
*''Dactylorhiza baldshuanica'' (C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza baltica'' (Eastern Europe) (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza longifolia'' (Neuman) Aver.)
*''Dactylorhiza baumanniana'' (N. Greece).
**''Dactylorhiza baumanniana'' subsp. ''smolikana'' (B. Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (Greece)
*''Dactylorhiza bohemica'' (EC. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' (Fr.) Soó (SE. Europe to Ukraine).
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''bosniaca'' (N. Balkan Pen). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''cordigera'' (SE. Europe to Ukraine).
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''graeca'' (H.Baumann) Presser)
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''pindica'' (B. Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (NW. Greece).
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''rhodopeia'' Presser (Greece, Southeastern Europe, Europe)
**''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' subsp. ''siculorum'' (Romania to W. Ukraine). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza elata'' (Poir.) Soó : Stately Dactylorhiza (W. Europe to NW. Africa).
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''ambigua'' (Martrin-Donos) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''brennensis'' (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''elata'' (NW. Africa. Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''mauritanica'' B.Baumann & H. Baumann (Morocco, Algeria)
**''Dactylorhiza elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' (SW. Europe to Sicilia). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza euxina'' (Nevski) Czerep.
**''Dactylorhiza euxina'' subsp. ''armeniaca'' (Hedrén) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza flavescens'' (Turkey to C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza foliosa'' : Richly-leaved Dactylorhiza (Madeira).
*''[[Dactylorhiza fuchsii]]'' (Druce) Soó : Common Spotted Orchid, Fuch's Dactylorhiza (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Batousek & Kreutz) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''fuchsii'' (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''meyeri'' (Rchb.f.) Kulikov & E.G.Philippov
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''okellyi'' (Ireland, W. Great Britain).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''psychrophila'' (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' var. ''sooana'' (Borsos) Kreutz (Hungary)
**''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' var. ''sudetica'' (Poech ex Rchb.f.) H.Baumann
*''Dactylorhiza gervasiana'' (Sicilia to S. Italy).
*''Dactylorhiza graeca'' (N. Greece) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza cordigera'' var. ''graeca'' (H.Baumann) Presser)
*''Dactylorhiza graggeriana'' (W. Himalaya).
*''Dactylorhiza hatagirea'' (Pakistan to SE. Tibet).
*''Dactylorhiza iberica'' (Greece to Iran).
*''Dactylorhiza ilgazica'' (N. Turkey) - now synonym of ''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''ilgazica'' (Kreutz) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' (L.) Soó : Spotted Orchid (Europe to Mongolia).
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' var. ''baumgartneriana'' (B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter) P.Delforge
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''coccinea'' : '''Early Marsh Orchid, Northern Marsh Orchid''' (Great Britain, Ireland). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' (Europe to Turkey). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''gemmana'' (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''incarnata'' (Europe to Mongolia). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''krylovii'' (W. Europe to Siberia).Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''lobelii'' (Norway to The Netherlands). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza incarnata'' nothosubsp. ''versicolor'' (Europe) Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza insularis'' : Island Dactylorhiza (W. Medit. to WC. Italy).
*''Dactylorhiza kafiriana'' (NE. Afghanistan to W. Himalaya).
*''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' E.Nelson (N. Greece).
**''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''macedonica'' (J.Hölzinger & Künkele) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''pythagorae'' (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza kulikalonica'' (C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' (Laest.ex Hartm.) Soó (N. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' subsp. ''angustata'' (Arv.-Touv.) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' subsp. ''rhaetica'' H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (Alps of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and France)
*''Dactylorhiza lapponica'' subsp. ''russowii'' (Klinge) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz (C. Europe to Siberia).
*''Dactylorhiza libanotica'' (Lebanon)
*''Dactylorhiza longifolia'' (Europe to C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza macedonica'' (N. Greece) - now a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''macedonica'' (J.Hölzinger & Künkele) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza maculata'' (L.) Soó : Heath Spotted Orchid, Moorland Spotted Orchid (NW. Africa, Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''battandieri'' (N. Algeria).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''caramulensis'' (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' : Heath Spotted Orchid (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''islandica'' (Iceland).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''kolaensis'' (Montell) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maculata'' (Europe to Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''maurusia'' (Morocco)
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''podesta'' (Netherlands).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''rhoumensis'' (Great Britain)
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''savogiensis'' (D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''schurii'' (Carpathians).
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''sennia'' (Vollmar) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza maculata'' subsp. ''transsilvanica'' (SC. & SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza magna'' (C. Asia).
*''[[Dactylorhiza majalis]]'' (Rchb.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh. : Broad-leaved Marsh Orchid, Western Marsh Orchid, Fan Orchid, Common Marsh Orchid (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' var. ''brevifolia'' (Rchb.f.) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''calcifugiens'' (Denmark)
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''cambrensis'' (Coastal Great Britain and Denmark) (now synonym of ''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' (T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) Soó var. ''cambrensis'' (R.H.Roberts) R.M.Bateman & Denholm 2005)
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''majalis'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis'' (W. & SW. Ireland, N. Great Britain).
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''parvimajalis'' (D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''purpurella'' : Early Marsh Orchid, Northern Marsh Orchid (NW. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''sphagnicola''
**''Dactylorhiza majalis'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (Alps to W. Carpathians) - has become a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (F.Proch.) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza markusii'' : Markus' Dactylorhiza (N. Portugal to W. Spain and Italy).
*''Dactylorhiza nieschalkiorum'' (N. Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' (Turkey to Syria).
**''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' var. ''anatolica'' (Turkey). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza osmanica'' var. ''osmanica'' (Turkey to Syria). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza pindica'' (NW. Greece).
*''[[Dactylorhiza praetermissa]]'' : Leopard Marsh Orchid, Southern Marsh Orchid (W. & NW. Europe)
**''Dactylorhiza purpurella'' (T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) Soó var. ''cambrensis'' (R.H.Roberts) R.M.Bateman & Denholm 2005
*''Dactylorhiza pythagorae'' (E. Aegean Is.) - now a synonym of ''Dactylorhiza kalopissii'' subsp. ''pythagorae'' (Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza romana'' : Roman Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean)
*''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' (Brongn.) Soó : Sack-carrying Dactylorhiza (Mediterranean).
**''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' subsp. ''bithynica'' (H.Baumann) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza saccifera'' subsp. ''gervasiana'' (Tod.) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza salina'' (Caucasus to Amur)
*''Dactylorhiza sambucina'' : '''Elder-flowered Orchid''' (Europe). [[Commons:Dactylorhiza sambucina|Photos]]
*''Dactylorhiza sudetica'' (Europe to Siberia)
*''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' (Saut. ex Rchb.) Soó : Narrow-leaved Marsh Orchid, Traunstein's Dactylorhiza, Irish Marsh Dactylorhiza (Europe to W. Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Slovakia) - has become synonym of ''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' subsp. ''carpatica'' (Batousek & Kreutz) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''turfosa'' (F.Proch.) Kreutz
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''''curvifolia'''' (N. & NE. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''traunsteineri'' (Europe to W. Siberia).
**''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''wirtgenii'' (Höppner) Kreutz
**''[[Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides]]'' (Pugsley)Landwehr (synonym of ''Dactylorhiza traunsteineri'' subsp. ''traunsteineri'')
*''Dactylorhiza umbrosa'' (W. & C. Asia to Siberia)
*''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' (Steud.) H.Baumann & Künkele (N. & NE. Turkey to Iran)
**''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''bithynica'' (H.Baumann) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz
**''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''phoenissa'' B. Baumann & H. Baumann (Lebanon)
**''Dactylorhiza urvilleana'' subsp. ''ilgazica'' (Kreutz) Kreutz
*''Dactylorhiza viridis'' (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere).
**''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''virescens'' (Temp. Asia, N. America)
**''Dactylorhiza viridis'' var. ''viridis'' (Subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere)
== Hybrids ==
[[Image:Dactylorhiza x aschersoniana 190505.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Dactylorhiza × aschersoniana'']]
[[Image:Dactylorhiza x braunii 030606.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Dactylorhiza × braunii'']]
Note : nothosubspecies = a hybrid subspecies; nothovarietas = subvariety.
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''abantiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. nieschalkiorum'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aldenii'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. kalopissii'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''altobracensis'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (France, Austria).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. majalis'') (W. & C. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''aschersoniana'' (W. & C. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothosubsp. ''templinensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''aschersoniana'' nothovar. ''uliginosa'' (''D. incarnata subsp.pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''baicalica '' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. salina'') (Siberia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''balabaniana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''bayburtiana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''beckeriana'' (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''boluiana'' (''D. nieschalkiorum'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''bourdonii '' (''D. brennensis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (France).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''braunii'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''lilacina'' (''D fuchsii'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''turfosa'') (EC. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''monticola'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''psychrophila'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''braunii'' nothosubsp. ''smitakii'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''sooana'' × ''D. majalis'') (EC. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''breviceras'' (''D. osmanica'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'') (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''ampolai'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. maculata'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''carnea'' (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''carnea '' nothosubsp. ''maculatiformis''. (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'') (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''claudiopolitana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. schurii'') (Europe.
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''conigerum'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''csatoi'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. maculata'') (SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza czerniakowskae'' (C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''daunia'' (''D. romana'' × ''D. saccifera'') (S. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''delamainii'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. maculata'') (SW. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''occidentalis'') (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''dinglensis'' (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''robertsii'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'' subsp. ''cambrensi'') (Great Britain). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''senayi'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe).Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''townsendiana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. majalis'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dinglensis'' nothosubsp. ''vermeuleniana'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. majalis'') (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''drucei'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe)
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dubreuilhii'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftiana'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''dufftii'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''gotlandica'' (''D incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''dufftii'' nothosubsp. ''stenkyrkae'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''cruenta'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''erdingeri'' (''D. sambucina'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza euxina'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus).
**''Dactylorhiza euxina''var. ''euxina'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza euxina''var. ''markowitschii'' (NE. Turkey to Caucasus). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''flixensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. traunsteineri.'') (Switzerland).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''formosa'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''fourkensis'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gabretana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''genevensis'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. latifolia'' × ''D. maculata'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''godferyana'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''grandis'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guilhotii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''guillaumeae'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. sambucina'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''gustavssonii'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece to Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' (''D maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' nothosubsp. ''hallii'' (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hallii'' nothosubsp. ''nummiana'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''elodes'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''hochreutinerana'' (''D. alpestris'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''insignis'' (''D. praetermissa'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ishorica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. longifolia'') (European Russia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''jenensis'' (''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (W. & NC. Europe)
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''jestrebiensis'' (''D. bohemica'' × ''D. majalis'') (EC. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''juennensis'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. lapponica'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''katarana'' (''D kalopissii'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kelleriana'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerasovinensis'' (''D. pindica'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. incarnata'') (Europe).
** ''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''kerneriorum'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''lillsundica'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''ochroleuca'') (N. & W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kerneriorum'' nothosubsp. ''variablis'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. incarnata'') (W. Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''komiensis'' (''D. hebridensis'' × ''D. maculata'') (
E. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kopdagiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''koutsourana'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. smolikana'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''kuuskiae'' (''D.longifolia'' × ''D. traunsteineri'') (E. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''latirella'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. purpurella'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''lehmannii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. russowii'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''megapolitana'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. russowii'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''metsowonensis'' (''D. kalopissii'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''mixtum'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''mulignensis'' (''D. incarnata'' subsp. ''pulchella'' × ''D. majalis'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''nevskii'' (''D. osmanica'' × ''D. umbrosa'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ornonensis'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. incarnata'' × ''D. maculata'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''paridaeniana'' (''D. elata'' subsp. ''sesquipedalis'' × ''D. praetermissa'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''pontica'' (''D. urvilleana'' × ''D. viridis'') (Turkey)
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''prochazkana'' (''D. bohemica'' × ''D. maculata'') (EC. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''renzii'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. nieschalkiorum'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rizeana'' (''D. euxina'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''rombucina'' (''D. romana'' × ''D. sambucina'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''ruppertii'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''salictina'' (''D. pindica'' × ''D. smolikana'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''serbica'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. saccifera'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''serreana'' (''D. graeca'' × ''D. lagotis'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''sivasiana'' (''D. umbrosa'' × ''D. urvilleana'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''sooi'' (''D. alpestris'' × ''D. fuchsii.'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''souflikensis'' (''D. baumanniana'' × ''D. pindica'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''stagni-novi'' (''D. brennensis'' × ''D. fuchsii'') (Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''szaboiana'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. sudetica'') (SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''ericetorum'') (Europe)
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' nothosubsp. ''corylensis'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. maculata'')
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens''subsp. ''ericetorum'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''transiens'' nothosubsp. ''transiens'' (Europe). Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''turcestanicum'' (''D. umbrosa'' × ''D. viridis'') (C. Asia).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vallis-peenae'' (''D. majalis'' × ''D. russowii'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' (''D. fuchsii'' × ''D. purpurella'') (Europe).
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' nothosubsp. ''hebridella'' (''D. fuchsii'' subsp. ''hebridensis'' × ''D. purpurella'') (Great Britain). Tuber geophyte
**''Dactylorhiza'' × ''venusta'' nothosubsp. ''venusta'' (Europe) Tuber geophyte
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''viridella'' (''D. purpurella'' × ''D. viridis'') (W. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vitosana'' (''D. saccifera'' × ''D. sambucina'') (SE. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vogtiana'' (''D. iberica'' × ''D. incarnata'') (Turkey).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''vorasica'' (''D. cordigera'' × ''D. sambucina'') (Greece).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''weissenbachiana'' (''D. incarnata'' × ''D. lapponica'') (C. Europe).
*''Dactylorhiza'' × ''wiefelspuetziana'' (''D. maculata'' × ''D. sphagnicola'') (W. Europe).
This list follows the ''World checklist of monocotyledons'',<ref> [http://www.kew.org/wcsp/prepareChecklist.do;jsessionid=88DBFB5050F36B15DD041440E1641302?checklist=monocots%40%40031310120061350485 World checklist of monocotyledons]. </ref> periodically amended from the "Orchid Research Newsletter", both of [[Kew Botanical Gardens]].<ref> [http://www.kew.org/herbarium/orchid/ Orchid research Newsletter]</ref>
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[htt
p://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=109214 Flora of North America Genus page]
*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/9/1419 Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) in European Russia: combined molecular and morphological analysis]
{{Commons|Dactylorhiza|''Dactylorhiza''}}
[[Category:Orchid genera]]
