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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Grammatophyllum''
| image = Grammatophyllum speciosum - Paxton.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Grammatophyllum speciosum]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
| tribus = [[Cymbidieae]]
| subtribus = [[Cyrtopodiinae]]
| alliance = [[Cymbidium]]
| genus = '''''Grammatophyllum'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''''Grammatophyllum''''' Blume, 1825 is a [[genus]] of 11 [[orchid]] [[species]] in tribe [[Cymbidieae]], subtribe [[Cyrtopodiinae]].
The name is derived from the Greek words 'gramma' (letter) and 'phyllon' (leaf), referring to the dark markings in the flower.
This [[epiphyte|epiphytic]] genus occurs in dense [[rainforest]] from Indo-China, to [[Indonesia]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Guinea]], and SW Pacific islands.
The species produce several racemes, arising from the base of the [[pseudobulb]], with many yellow-green to olive-green, waxy [[flower]]s with dark purplish-red marks. The pseudobulbs are enveloped by sheaths.
These are medium-sized to very large orchids, including the [[Giant Orchid]] (''Grammatophyllum speciosum''), believed to be the largest orchid species in existence. Its [[pseudobulb]]s can grow to a length of 2.5 m. Plants can develop into gigantic clusters weighing from several hundred kilograms to one ton! The [[root]]s form spectacular bundles.
The more modest Bell Orchid (''Grammatophyllum scriptum'') is another well-known species, with pseudobulbs of 20cm, from which originate 3 to 4 stout [[leaf|leaves]] with a length of 1 m.
''Grammatophyllum multiflorum'' is one of the longest-blooming orchids in existence: it can be in bloom for nine months. See also ''[[Dendrobium cuthbertsonii]]'', whose flowers have been reported to last up to ten months each.
''Grammatophyllum'' 'Tiger's paw' is a hybrid from ''G. elegans'' and ''G. fenzlianum''.
== Species ==
*''[[Grammatophyllum elegans]]'' (Fiji).
*''[[Grammatophyllum fenzlianum]]'' (Maluku (Ambon).
*''[[Grammatophyllum kinabaluense]]'' (N. Borneo).
*''[[Grammatophyllum martae]]'' (Philippines ) - not validly published
*''[[Grammatophyllum measuresianum]]'' (Philippines).
*''[[Grammatophyllum multiflorum]]'' (Philippines).
*''[[Grammatophyllum rumphianum]]'' (Borneo, Maluku).
*''[[Grammatophyllum schmidtianum]]'' (Marianas).
*''[[Grammatophyllum scriptum]]'' : '''Bell Orchid''' (Malaysia to SW. Pacific).
**''Grammatophyllum scriptum'' var. ''boweri'' (Papuasia to Santa Cruz Is.)Hemicr. or cham.
**''Grammatophyllum scriptum'' var. ''scriptum'' (Malaysia to SW. Pacific). Hemicr. or cham.
*''[[Grammatophyllum speciosum]]'' : [[Giant Orchid]], Tiger Orchid, Queen of Orchids (Indo-China to Solomon Is.) - type species
*''[[Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum]]'' (Malaysia to New Guinea).
==See also==
*[[Orchidaceae]]
*[[Taxonomy of the Orchid family]]
== External link ==
*[http://www.univie.ac.at/HBV/categories.php?cat_id=219 Photos of Grammatophyllum stapeliaeflorum]
[[Category:Orchid genera]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Grammatophyllum''
| image = Grammatophyllum speciosum - Paxton.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Grammatophyllum speciosum]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
| tribus = [[Cymbidieae]]
| subtribus = [[Cyrtopodiinae]]
| alliance = [[Cymbidium]]
| genus = '''''Grammatophyllum'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''''Grammatophyllum''''' Blume, 1825 is a [[genus]] of 11 [[orchid]] [[species]] in tribe [[Cymbidieae]], subtribe [[Cyrtopodiinae]].
The name is derived from the Greek words 'gramma' (letter) and 'phyllon' (leaf), referring to the dark markings in the flower.
This [[epiphyte|epiphytic]] genus occurs in dense [[rainforest]] from Indo-China, to [[Indonesia]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Guinea]], and SW Pacific islands.
The species produce several racemes, arising from the base of the [[pseudobulb]], with many yellow-green to olive-green, waxy [[flower]]s with dark purplish-red marks. The pseudobulbs are enveloped by sheaths.
These are medium-sized to very large orchids, including the [[Giant Orchid]] (''Grammatophyllum speciosum''), believed to be the largest orchid species in existence. Its [[pseudobulb]]s can grow to a length of 2.5 m. Plants can develop into gigantic clusters weighing from several hundred kilograms to one ton! The [[root]]s form spectacular bundles.
The more modest Bell Orchid (''Grammatophyllum scriptum'') is another well-known species, with pseudobulbs of 20cm, from which originate 3 to 4 stout [[leaf|leaves]] with a length of 1 m.
''Grammatophyllum multiflorum'' is one of the longest-blooming orchids in existence: it can be in bloom for nine months. See also ''[[Dendrobium cuthbertsonii]]'', whose flowers have been reported to last up to ten months each.
''Grammatophyllum'' 'Tiger's paw' is a hybrid from ''G. elegans'' and ''G. fenzlianum''.
== Species ==
*''[[Grammatophyllum elegans]]'' (Fiji).
*''[[Grammatophyllum fenzlianum]]'' (Maluku (Ambon).
*''[[Grammatophyllum kinabaluense]]'' (N. Borneo).
*''[[Grammatophyllum martae]]'' (Philippines ) - not validly published
*''[[Grammatophyllum measuresianum]]'' (Philippines).
*''[[Grammatophyllum multiflorum]]'' (Philippines).
*''[[Grammatophyllum rumphianum]]'' (Borneo, Maluku).
*''[[Grammatophyllum schmidtianum]]'' (Marianas).
*''[[Grammatophyllum scriptum]]'' : '''Bell Orchid''' (Malaysia to SW. Pacific).
**''Grammatophyllum scriptum'' var. ''boweri'' (Papuasia to Santa Cruz Is.)Hemicr. or cham.
**''Grammatophyllum scriptum'' var. ''scriptum'' (Malaysia to SW. Pacific). Hemicr. or cham.
*''[[Grammatophyllum speciosum]]'' : [[Giant Orchid]], Tiger Orchid, Queen of Orchids (Indo-China to Solomon Is.) - type species
*''[[Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum]]'' (Malaysia to New Guinea).
==See also==
*[[Orchidaceae]]
*[[Taxonomy of the Orchid family]]
== External link ==
*[http://www.univie.ac.at/HBV/categories.php?cat_id=219 Photos of Grammatophyllum stapeliaeflorum]
[[Category:Orchid genera]]
