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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Sobralia''
| image = Sobralia macrantha (1847).jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = ''[[Sobralia macrantha]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
| tribus = [[Arethuseae]]
| subtribus = '''Sobraliinae'''
| genus = '''''Sobralia'''''
| genus_authority = [[Hipólito Ruiz López|Ruiz]] & [[José Antonio Pavón|Pav.]], [[1794]]
| type_species = ''Sobralia dichotoma''
| type_species_authority = [[Hipólito Ruiz López|Ruiz]] & [[José Antonio Pavón|Pav.]], [[1798]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
See [[Sobralia#Species|Species section]].
}}
'''''Sobralia''''' is a [[genus]] of about 125 [[orchid]]s ([[family (biology)|family]] Orchidaceae) and the only genus of the subtribe '''Sobraliinae'''. It is native to [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]. The plants are more commonly terrestrial, but are also found growing [[Epiphyte|epiphytically]], in wet forests from [[sea level]] to about 8,800 ft. The genus was named for Dr. [[Francisco Sobral]], a Spanish [[botanist]].
Their reed-like [[Plant stem|stems]] range in height from about 1 ft (such as in ''Sobralia galeottiana'') to 25-30 ft. They have typically heavily veined, bilobed, plicate, apical [[Leaf|leaves]] all along the stem. The [[inflorescense]]s on the apex of the stem carry one or two successive ephemeral [[flower]]s with large [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s. The short duration of the flower is caused by a self-digesting [[enzyme]]. The [[labellum|lip]] is entire or lobed and clasps the [[column]] at its base. This columns carries eight soft [[pollinium|pollinia]]. These flowers range in color from pure white to yellow, green, pink, purple, red, brown, and even a blue violet.
==[[Synonymy]]==
The genera '''''Cyathoglottis''''' <small>[[Poepp.]] & [[Endl.]]</small>, '''''Fregea''''' <small>[[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Rchb.f.]]</small> and '''''Lindsayella''''' <small>[[Oakes Ames|Ames]] & [[C.Schweinf.]]</small> are generally included here.
== Species ==
A few more commonly cited species:
*''[[Sobralia decora]]'' - pink-lavender; from [[Mexico]] through Central America;
*''[[Sobralia dichotoma]]'' - reddish-brown with white and pink lip; from the [[Andes]];
*''[[Sobralia fimbriata]]'' - white to cream or pale yellow, with fimbriate lip and petals; Andes;
*''[[Sobralia macrantha]]'' - pink-magenta; from Mexico through Central America;
*''[[Sobralia sessilis]]'' - pink-lavender; from South America;
*''[[Sobralia xantholeuca]]'' - yellow; from [[Chiapas]], Mex. and [[Guatemala]];
Others:
* ''[[Sobralia allenii]]'' L.O.Williams 1942.
* ''[[Sobralia altissima]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson 1999.
* ''[[Sobralia amabilis]]'' Rchb.f. L.O.Williams 1946.
* ''[[Sobralia anceps]]'' Schltr. 1924.
* ''[[Sobralia antioquiensis]]'' Schltr. 1920.
* ''[[Sobralia atropubescens]]'' Ames & C.Schweinf. 1930 : Black-haired Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia augusta]]'' Hoehne. 1944
* ''[[Sobralia aurantiaca]]'' Linden & Rchb.f. 1854
* ''[[Sobralia biflora]]'' Ruiz & Pav. 1798.
* ''[[Sobralia bimaculata]]'' Garay 1975 : 2-Spot Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia bletiae]]'' Rchb.f. 1852.
* ''[[Sobralia boliviensis]]'' Schltr. 1913.
* ''[[Sobralia buchtienii]]'' Schltr. 1929.
* ''[[Sobralia calliantha]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson. 2001
* ''[[Sobralia caloglossa]]'' Schltr. 1929 : Beautiful-lipped Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia candida]]'' Poepp. & Endl. Rchb.f. 1853 : White Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia carazoi]]'' Lank. & Ames 1924.
* ''[[Sobralia cataractarum]]'' Hoehne 1910 : Cataract Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia cattleya]]'' Rchb.f. 1877.
* ''[[Sobralia chatoensis]]'' A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes 1966.
* ''[[Sobralia chrysantha]]'' Lindl. 1854.
* ''[[Sobralia chrysoleuca]]'' Rchb.f. 1873.
* ''[[Sobralia chrysostoma]]'' Dressler 2001 : Golden Mouth Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia ciliata]]'' C.Presl C.Schweinf. ex Foldats 1969 : Fine-haired Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia crispissima]]'' Dressler 2002.
* ''[[Sobralia crocea]]'' Poepp. & Endl. Rchb.f. 1853 : Saffron-yellow Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia decora]]'' Bateman 1842 : Beautiful Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia densifoliata]]'' Schltr. 1920.
* ''[[Sobralia dichotoma]]'' Ruiz & Pav. 1798 : Two-piece Sobralia (type species)
* ''[[Sobralia dissimilis]]'' Dressler 1995.
* ''[[Sobralia dorbignyana]]'' Rchb.f. 1873.
* ''[[Sobralia doremiliae]]'' Dressler 1995.
* ''[[Sobralia ecuadorana]]'' Dodson 1998 : Ecuadorian Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia exilis]]'' Schltr. 1920.
* ''[[Sobralia fimbriata]]'' Poepp. & Endl. 1836 : Fringed Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia fragrans]]'' Lindl. 1853 : Fragrant Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia fruticetorum]]'' Schltr. 1913.
* ''[[Sobralia galeottiana]]'' A.Rich. 1845 : Sitting Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia gentryi]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia gloriana]]'' Dressler 2002.
* ''[[Sobralia gloriosa]]'' Rchb.f. 1873.
* ''[[Sobralia granitica]]'' G.A.Romero & Carnevali 2000.
* ''[[Sobralia hagsateri]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia hawkesii]]'' A.H.Heller 1966.
* ''[[Sobralia helleri]]'' A.D.Hawkes 1966.
* ''[[Sobralia herzogii]]'' Schltr. 1913 : Herzog's Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia hirta]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson. 2001
* ''[[Sobralia hirtzii]]'' Dodson 2004 (Ecuador)
* ''[[Sobralia hoppii]]'' Schltr. 1924 : Hopp's Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia infundibuligera]]'' Garay & Dunst. 1965 : Trumpet Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia × intermedia]]'' P.H.Allen 1958.
* ''[[Sobralia kermesina]]'' Garay 1956.
* ''[[Sobralia kerryae]]'' Dressler 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia klotzscheana]]'' Rchb.f. 1850 : Klotzsch' Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia labiata]]'' Warsz. & Rchb.f. 1852.
* ''[[Sobralia lancea]]'' Garay 1958 : Lanceolate Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia leucoxantha]]'' Rchb.f. 1866 : White-yellow Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia liliastrum]]'' Lindl. 1833 : Star-lily Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia lindleyana]]'' Rchb.f. 1852.
* ''[[Sobralia lowii]]'' Rolfe 1890.
* ''[[Sobralia luerorum]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia luteola]]'' Rolfe 1898.
* ''[[Sobralia macdougallii]]'' Soto Arenas Pérez-García & Salazar 2002 publ. 2003.
* ''[[Sobralia macra]]'' Schltr. 1923.
* ''[[Sobralia macrantha]]'' Lindl. 1838 : Large-flowered Sobralia
** ''Sobralia macrantha'' var. ''kienastiana'' Rchb.f. 1888.
** ''Sobralia macrantha'' var. ''macrantha''
* ''[[Sobralia macrophylla]]'' Rchb.f. 1852 : Large-leafed Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia madisonii]]'' Dodson 1980.
* ''[[Sobralia maduroi]]'' Dressler 2004 (Colombia)
* ''[[Sobralia malmiana]]'' Pabst 1979.
* ''[[Sobralia malmquistiana]]'' Schltr. 1911.
* ''[[Sobralia margaritae]]'' Pabst 1977.
* ''[[Sobralia mariannae]]'' Dressler 2002.
* ''[[Sobralia mucronata]]'' Ames & C.Schweinf. 1925.
* ''[[Sobralia mutisii]]'' P.Ortiz 2004.
* ''[[Sobralia neudeckeri]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia nutans]]'' Dressler 2002.
* ''[[Sobralia odorata]]'' Schltr. 1924.
* ''[[Sobralia oliva-estevae]]'' Carnevali & I.Ramírez 1990.
* ''[[Sobralia oroana]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia paludosa]]'' Linden 1851.
* ''[[Sobralia paradisiaca]]'' Rchb.f. 1850.
* ''[[Sobralia pardalina]]'' Garay 1978.
* ''[[Sobralia parviflora]]'' L.O.Williams 1938.
* ''[[Sobralia persimilis]]'' Garay 1978.
* ''[[Sobralia pfavii]]'' Schltr. 1923.
* ''[[Sobralia piedadiae]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia portillae]]'' Christenson 2003.
* ''[[Sobralia powellii]]'' Schltr. 1922 : Powell's Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia pulcherrima]]'' Garay 1978 : Very Beautiful Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia pumila]]'' Rolfe 1893 : Dwarf Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia purpurea]]'' Dressler 2000.
* ''[[Sobralia quinata]]'' Dressler 2003.
* ''[[Sobralia rigidissima]]'' Linden ex Rchb.f. 1854.
* ''[[Sobralia roezlii]]'' Rchb.f. 1873 : Roezl's Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia rolfeana]]'' Schltr. 1922.
* ''[[Sobralia rondonii]]'' Hoehne 1910.
* ''[[Sobralia rosea]]'' Poepp. & Endl. 1836 : Rose-colored Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia roseoalba]]'' Rchb.f. 1866.
* ''[[Sobralia ruckeri]]'' Linden & Rchb.f. 1854.
* ''[[Sobralia ruparupaensis]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson: 2001.
* ''[[Sobralia rupicola]]'' Kraenzl. 1908.
* ''[[Sobralia sancti-josephi]]'' Kraenzl. 1928.
* ''[[Sobralia sanfelicis]]'' Dressler 2004 (Panama)
* ''[[Sobralia schultzei]]'' Schltr. 1924.
* ''[[Sobralia scopulorum]]'' Rchb.f. 1873.
* ''[[Sobralia semperflorens]]'' Kraenzl. 1915.
* ''[[Sobralia setigera]]'' Poepp. & Endl. 1836.
* ''[[Sobralia sobralioides]]'' Kraenzl. Garay 1978.
* ''[[Sobralia speciosa]]'' C.Schweinf. 1961.
* ''[[Sobralia splendida]]'' Schltr. 1920.
* ''[[Sobralia stenophylla]]'' Lindl. 1854 : Thin-leafed Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia stevensonii]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia tamboana]]'' Dodson 1998.
* ''[[Sobralia turkeliae]]'' Christenson 2002.
* ''[[Sobralia undatocarinata]]'' C.Schweinf. 1938.
* ''[[Sobralia uribei]]'' P.Ortiz 1994.
* ''[[Sobralia valida]]'' Rolfe 1909.
* ''[[Sobralia violacea]]'' Linden ex Lindl. 1846 : Violet Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia virginalis]]'' Peeters & [[Cogn.]] 1899 : Virgin Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia warszewiczii]]'' Rchb.f. 1852.
* ''[[Sobralia weberbaueriana]]'' Kraenzl. 1905.
* ''[[Sobralia wilsoniana]]'' Rolfe 1890.
* ''[[Sobralia withneri]]'' D.E.Benn. & Christenson: 2001 : Withner's Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia xantholeuca]]'' B.S.Williams 1885 : Yellow-white Sobralia
* ''[[Sobralia yauaperyensis]]'' Barb. Rodr. 1891 : Yauaperi River Sobralia
== Reference ==
Ortiz, V. P. 2004. - Las especies Colombianas de Sobralia Ruiz & Pav., seccion Sobralia. The Colombian species of Sobralia Ruiz & Pav., section Sobralia. Orquideologia 23(1): 49-65
== External links ==
* [http://sobralia.autrevie.com The Sobralia Pages]
[[Category:Orchid genera]]