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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Annonaceae
| image = Annona squamosa.jpg
| image_width = 230px
| image_caption = [[Sugar-apple|''Annona squamosa'']] fruit
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Magnoliales]]
| familia = '''Annonaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
| subdivision = See text
}}
The '''Annonaceae''', also called '''custard apple family''' or '''soursop family''', is a family of [[flowering plant]]s consisting of [[tree]]s, [[shrub]]s or [[liana]]s. With about 2300 to 2500 species in 120 to 130 genera, it is the largest family in the [[Magnoliales]]. Its type genus is ''[[Annona]]''. The family is concentrated in the [[Tropics]], with few species found in [[temperate]] regions. About 900 species are [[Neotropics|neotropical]], 450 are [[Africa]]n, and the other species [[Asia]]n.
Members of the Annonaceae have simple, alternate, [[Petiole (botany)|petiolate]] leaves with smooth, entire margins. The leaves are arranged in two rows along the stems. There is no [[stipule]]s. The flowers are radially symmetrical and often [[bisexual]]. In most species the 3 [[sepal]]s are united at the base. There are 6 brown to yellow [[petal]]s, many [[stamen]]s in a spiral, and many [[pistil]]s, each with a one-chambered [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] containing many [[ovule]]s. Flowers are sometimes borne directly on large branches or on the trunk. The fruit is a [[berry]].
===Cultivation and uses===
The large, pulpy fruits of some members are edible, including species of ''[[Annona]]'' (the [[custard apple]], the [[cherimoya]], the [[soursop]]), ''[[Asimina]]'' (the [[papaw]]), ''[[Rollinia]]'' (the [[biriba]]).
Besides bearing edible fruits, some members also have [[aromatic oil]] and are used for [[perfume]]s or [[spice]]s. The strong bark is used for carrying burdens in [[Amazonia]]. The wood is valued as [[firewood]].
The bark, leaves and roots of some species are used in [[folk medicine]]s. Besides, pharmaceutic research has found [[antifungal]], [[bacteriostatic]], and especially [[cytostatic]] capability of some chemical constituents of the leaves and bark.
Some species are also grown as [[ornamental plant]]s, especially ''[[Polyalthia longifolia pendula]]''.
===Genera===
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Artabotrys]]'' - [[trail-grape]]
*''[[Cananga]]'' - [[Ylang-ylang]]
*''[[Deeringothamnus]]'' - [[false pawpaw]]
*''[[Guatteria]]'' - [[haya minga]], [[haya blanca]]
*''[[Oxandra]]'' - [[blacklancewood]], [[haya]]
*''[[Rollinia]]'' - [[wild sugar-apple]]
*''[[Stelechocarpus]]'' - [[kepel]]
*''[[Afroguatteria]]''
*''[[Alphonsea]]''
*''[[Ambavia]]''
*''[[Anaxagorea]]''
*''[[Ancana]]''
*''[[Annickia]]''
*''[[Annona]]''
*''[[Anomianthus]]''
*''[[Anonidium]]''
*''[[Artabotrys]]''
*''[[Asimina]]''
*''[[Asteranthe]]''
*''[[Balonga]]''
*''[[Bocagea]]''
*''[[Bocageopsis]]''
*''[[Boutiquea]]''
*''[[Cananga]]''
*''[[Cardiopetalum]]''
*''[[Cleistochlamys]]''
*''[[Cleistopholis]]''
*''[[Craibella]]''</br>
*''[[Cremastosperma]]''
*''[[Cyathocalyx]]''
*''[[Cyathostemma]]''
*''[[Cymbopetalum]]''
*''[[Dasoclema]]''
*''[[Dasymaschalon]]''
*''[[Deeringothamnus]]''
*''[[Dendrokingstonia]]''
*''[[Dennettia]]''
*''[[Desmopsis]]''
*''[[Desmos]]''
*''[[Diclinanona]]''
*''[[Dielsiothamnus]]''
*''[[Disepalum]]''
*''[[Duckeanthus]]''
*''[[Duguetia]]''<!-- AnnMOBotGard78:273 -->
*''[[Ellipeia]]''
|
*''[[Ellipeiopsis]]''
*''[[Enicosanthum]]''
*''[[Ephedranthus]]''
*''[[Exellia]]''
*''[[Fissistigma]]''
*''[[Fitzalania]]''
*''[[Friesodielsia]]''
*''[[Froesiodendron]]''
*''[[Fusaea]]''
*''[[Gilbertiella]]''
*''[[Goniothalamus]]''
*''[[Greenwayodendron]]''
*''[[Guamia]]''
*''[[Guatteria]]''
*''[[Guatteriella]]''
*''[[Guatteriopsis]]''
*''[[Haplostichanthus]]''
*''[[Heteropetalum]]''
*''[[Hexalobus]]''
*''[[Hornschuchia]]''
*''[[Isolona]]''
*''[[Letestudoxa]]''
*''[[Lettowianthus]]''
*''[[Malmea]]''
*''[[Marsypopetalum]]''
*''[[Meiocarpidium]]''
*''[[Meiogyne]]''
*''[[Melodorum]]''
*''[[Mezzettia]]''
*''[[Mezzettiopsis]]''
*''[[Miliusa]]''
*''[[Mischogyne]]''
*''[[Mitrella]]''
*''[[Mitrephora]]''
*''[[Mkilua]]''
*''[[Monanthotaxis]]''
*''[[Monocarpia]]''
*''[[Monocyclanthus]]''
*''[[Monodora]]''
*''[[Neostenanthera]]''
*''[[Neo-uvaria]]''
*''[[Onychopetalum]]''
*''[[Ophrypetalum]]''
*''[[Oreomitra]]''
|
*''[[Orophea]]''
*''[[Oxandra]]''
*''[[Pachypodanthium]]''
*''[[Papualthia]]''
*''[[Petalolophus]]''
*''[[Phaeanthus]]''
*''[[Phoenicanthus]]''
*''[[Piptostigma]]''
*''[[Platymitra]]''
*''[[Polyalthia]]''
*''[[Polyceratocarpus]]''
*''[[Popowia]]''
*''[[Porcelia]]''
*''[[Pseudartabotrys]]''
*''[[Pseudephedranthus]]''
*''[[Pseudoxandra]]''
*''[[Pseuduvaria]]''
*''[[Pyramidanthe]]''
*''[[Raimondia]]''
*''[[Reedrollinsia]]''
*''[[Richella]]''
*''[[Rollinia]]''
*''[[Ruizodendron]]''
*''[[Sageraea]]''
*''[[Sanrafaelia]]''
*''[[Sapranthus]]''
*''[[Schefferomitra]]''
*''[[Sphaerocoryne]]''
*''[[Stelechocarpus]]''
*''[[Stenanona]]''
*''[[Tetrameranthus]]''
*''[[Toussaintia]]''
*''[[Tridimeris]]''
*''[[Trigynaea]]''
*''[[Trivalvaria]]''
*''[[Unonopsis]]''
*''[[Uvaria]]''
*''[[Uvariastrum]]''
*''[[Uvariodendron]]''
*''[[Uvariopsis]]''
*''[[Woodiellantha]]''
*''[[Xylopia]]''
|}
== External links ==
{{commonscat|Annonaceae}}
*[http://www.nationaalherbarium.nl/taskforcemolecular/annonaceae.htm Annonaceae research projects at Nationaal Herbarium Nederland]
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?66 List of Annonaceae genera of the GRIN Database]
[[Category:Magnoliales|Annonaceae]]
[[Category:Plant families]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Annonaceae
| image = Annona squamosa.jpg
| image_width = 230px
| image_caption = [[Sugar-apple|''Annona squamosa'']] fruit
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Magnoliales]]
| familia = '''Annonaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
| subdivision = See text
}}
The '''Annonaceae''', also called '''custard apple family''' or '''soursop family''', is a family of [[flowering plant]]s consisting of [[tree]]s, [[shrub]]s or [[liana]]s. With about 2300 to 2500 species in 120 to 130 genera, it is the largest family in the [[Magnoliales]]. Its type genus is ''[[Annona]]''. The family is concentrated in the [[Tropics]], with few species found in [[temperate]] regions. About 900 species are [[Neotropics|neotropical]], 450 are [[Africa]]n, and the other species [[Asia]]n.
Members of the Annonaceae have simple, alternate, [[Petiole (botany)|petiolate]] leaves with smooth, entire margins. The leaves are arranged in two rows along the stems. There is no [[stipule]]s. The flowers are radially symmetrical and often [[bisexual]]. In most species the 3 [[sepal]]s are united at the base. There are 6 brown to yellow [[petal]]s, many [[stamen]]s in a spiral, and many [[pistil]]s, each with a one-chambered [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] containing many [[ovule]]s. Flowers are sometimes borne directly on large branches or on the trunk. The fruit is a [[berry]].
===Cultivation and uses===
The large, pulpy fruits of some members are edible, including species of ''[[Annona]]'' (the [[custard apple]], the [[cherimoya]], the [[soursop]]), ''[[Asimina]]'' (the [[papaw]]), ''[[Rollinia]]'' (the [[biriba]]).
Besides bearing edible fruits, some members also have [[aromatic oil]] and are used for [[perfume]]s or [[spice]]s. The strong bark is used for carrying burdens in [[Amazonia]]. The wood is valued as [[firewood]].
The bark, leaves and roots of some species are used in [[folk medicine]]s. Besides, pharmaceutic research has found [[antifungal]], [[bacteriostatic]], and especially [[cytostatic]] capability of some chemical constituents of the leaves and bark.
Some species are also grown as [[ornamental plant]]s, especially ''[[Polyalthia longifolia pendula]]''.
===Genera===
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Artabotrys]]'' - [[trail-grape]]
*''[[Cananga]]'' - [[Ylang-ylang]]
*''[[Deeringothamnus]]'' - [[false pawpaw]]
*''[[Guatteria]]'' - [[haya minga]], [[haya blanca]]
*''[[Oxandra]]'' - [[blacklancewood]], [[haya]]
*''[[Rollinia]]'' - [[wild sugar-apple]]
*''[[Stelechocarpus]]'' - [[kepel]]
*''[[Afroguatteria]]''
*''[[Alphonsea]]''
*''[[Ambavia]]''
*''[[Anaxagorea]]''
*''[[Ancana]]''
*''[[Annickia]]''
*''[[Annona]]''
*''[[Anomianthus]]''
*''[[Anonidium]]''
*''[[Artabotrys]]''
*''[[Asimina]]''
*''[[Asteranthe]]''
*''[[Balonga]]''
*''[[Bocagea]]''
*''[[Bocageopsis]]''
*''[[Boutiquea]]''
*''[[Cananga]]''
*''[[Cardiopetalum]]''
*''[[Cleistochlamys]]''
*''[[Cleistopholis]]''
*''[[Craibella]]''</br>
*''[[Cremastosperma]]''
*''[[Cyathocalyx]]''
*''[[Cyathostemma]]''
*''[[Cymbopetalum]]''
*''[[Dasoclema]]''
*''[[Dasymaschalon]]''
*''[[Deeringothamnus]]''
*''[[Dendrokingstonia]]''
*''[[Dennettia]]''
*''[[Desmopsis]]''
*''[[Desmos]]''
*''[[Diclinanona]]''
*''[[Dielsiothamnus]]''
*''[[Disepalum]]''
*''[[Duckeanthus]]''
*''[[Duguetia]]''<!-- AnnMOBotGard78:273 -->
*''[[Ellipeia]]''
|
*''[[Ellipeiopsis]]''
*''[[Enicosanthum]]''
*''[[Ephedranthus]]''
*''[[Exellia]]''
*''[[Fissistigma]]''
*''[[Fitzalania]]''
*''[[Friesodielsia]]''
*''[[Froesiodendron]]''
*''[[Fusaea]]''
*''[[Gilbertiella]]''
*''[[Goniothalamus]]''
*''[[Greenwayodendron]]''
*''[[Guamia]]''
*''[[Guatteria]]''
*''[[Guatteriella]]''
*''[[Guatteriopsis]]''
*''[[Haplostichanthus]]''
*''[[Heteropetalum]]''
*''[[Hexalobus]]''
*''[[Hornschuchia]]''
*''[[Isolona]]''
*''[[Letestudoxa]]''
*''[[Lettowianthus]]''
*''[[Malmea]]''
*''[[Marsypopetalum]]''
*''[[Meiocarpidium]]''
*''[[Meiogyne]]''
*''[[Melodorum]]''
*''[[Mezzettia]]''
*''[[Mezzettiopsis]]''
*''[[Miliusa]]''
*''[[Mischogyne]]''
*''[[Mitrella]]''
*''[[Mitrephora]]''
*''[[Mkilua]]''
*''[[Monanthotaxis]]''
*''[[Monocarpia]]''
*''[[Monocyclanthus]]''
*''[[Monodora]]''
*''[[Neostenanthera]]''
*''[[Neo-uvaria]]''
*''[[Onychopetalum]]''
*''[[Ophrypetalum]]''
*''[[Oreomitra]]''
|
*''[[Orophea]]''
*''[[Oxandra]]''
*''[[Pachypodanthium]]''
*''[[Papualthia]]''
*''[[Petalolophus]]''
*''[[Phaeanthus]]''
*''[[Phoenicanthus]]''
*''[[Piptostigma]]''
*''[[Platymitra]]''
*''[[Polyalthia]]''
*''[[Polyceratocarpus]]''
*''[[Popowia]]''
*''[[Porcelia]]''
*''[[Pseudartabotrys]]''
*''[[Pseudephedranthus]]''
*''[[Pseudoxandra]]''
*''[[Pseuduvaria]]''
*''[[Pyramidanthe]]''
*''[[Raimondia]]''
*''[[Reedrollinsia]]''
*''[[Richella]]''
*''[[Rollinia]]''
*''[[Ruizodendron]]''
*''[[Sageraea]]''
*''[[Sanrafaelia]]''
*''[[Sapranthus]]''
*''[[Schefferomitra]]''
*''[[Sphaerocoryne]]''
*''[[Stelechocarpus]]''
*''[[Stenanona]]''
*''[[Tetrameranthus]]''
*''[[Toussaintia]]''
*''[[Tridimeris]]''
*''[[Trigynaea]]''
*''[[Trivalvaria]]''
*''[[Unonopsis]]''
*''[[Uvaria]]''
*''[[Uvariastrum]]''
*''[[Uvariodendron]]''
*''[[Uvariopsis]]''
*''[[Woodiellantha]]''
*''[[Xylopia]]''
|}
== External links ==
{{commonscat|Annonaceae}}
*[http://www.nationaalherbarium.nl/taskforcemolecular/annonaceae.htm Annonaceae research projects at Nationaal Herbarium Nederland]
*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?66 List of Annonaceae genera of the GRIN Database]
[[Category:Magnoliales|Annonaceae]]
[[Category:Plant families]]
