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Tropaeolum majus (view source)

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| latin_name = ''Tropaeolum majus''
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| common_names = Nasturtium, Garden Nasturtium, Indian Cress
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| growth_habit = herbaceous
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan = annual
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features = flowers, edible
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones = Flower and foliage
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Nasturtium-Tropaeolum.jpg
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption =    <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
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| familia = Tropaeolaceae
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| genus = Tropaeolum
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| species = majus
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}}
 
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[[Image:Kapuziner-Kresse 7148.jpg|left|thumb|Flower showing nectar spur]]
 
Tropaeolum majus, Linn. Fig. 3855. Strong-growing somewhat succulent climbing annual: lvs. peltate, nearly orbicular and undulate-angled: fls. large, mostly in shades of yellow or orange, with straight spur, the 2 upper petals entire or undulate (not apiculate), the 3 lower ones narrower and fringed on the claws. Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. G. 4: 2. B.M. 23; 3375 (var. atrosanguineum). F.S. 12:1286 (var. atropurpureum nanum). P.M. 1:176 (var. atrosanguineum). G.C. II. 11:665.—This species has been in cult. in Eu. since 1684. It is the foundation of the common climbing nasturtiums. Some of these garden forms are probably the offspring of hybridization with T. peltophorum. Some of the horticultural color forms are atropurpureum, dark red; atropurpureum foliis-aureis, with golden yellow lvs.; coccineum, scarlet and the form of it with golden lvs. known as coccineum foliis-aureis; Heinemannii, chocolate; hemisphericum, light yellow; luteum, yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet; Scheuerianum, straw-colored, dotted; Scheuerianum coccineum, scarlet, striped; Schillingii, yellow, brown-spotted; Schulzii, scarlet, with dark lvs. Var. flore-pleno, Hort., is a strain with double fls. occurring in different colors. Var. nanum, Hort. Tom Thumb Nasturtiums. A dwarf strain occurring in numerous color-forms, some of which are atrococcineum, brilliant scarlet; atropurpureum, dark purplish red; atrosanguineum, a deep blood-red; coccineum, scarlet and also the golden-lvd. form offered as nanum coccineum foliis-aureis; caeruleo-roseum, dark rose; luteum, clear yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet.
 
Tropaeolum majus, Linn. Fig. 3855. Strong-growing somewhat succulent climbing annual: lvs. peltate, nearly orbicular and undulate-angled: fls. large, mostly in shades of yellow or orange, with straight spur, the 2 upper petals entire or undulate (not apiculate), the 3 lower ones narrower and fringed on the claws. Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. G. 4: 2. B.M. 23; 3375 (var. atrosanguineum). F.S. 12:1286 (var. atropurpureum nanum). P.M. 1:176 (var. atrosanguineum). G.C. II. 11:665.—This species has been in cult. in Eu. since 1684. It is the foundation of the common climbing nasturtiums. Some of these garden forms are probably the offspring of hybridization with T. peltophorum. Some of the horticultural color forms are atropurpureum, dark red; atropurpureum foliis-aureis, with golden yellow lvs.; coccineum, scarlet and the form of it with golden lvs. known as coccineum foliis-aureis; Heinemannii, chocolate; hemisphericum, light yellow; luteum, yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet; Scheuerianum, straw-colored, dotted; Scheuerianum coccineum, scarlet, striped; Schillingii, yellow, brown-spotted; Schulzii, scarlet, with dark lvs. Var. flore-pleno, Hort., is a strain with double fls. occurring in different colors. Var. nanum, Hort. Tom Thumb Nasturtiums. A dwarf strain occurring in numerous color-forms, some of which are atrococcineum, brilliant scarlet; atropurpureum, dark purplish red; atrosanguineum, a deep blood-red; coccineum, scarlet and also the golden-lvd. form offered as nanum coccineum foliis-aureis; caeruleo-roseum, dark rose; luteum, clear yellow; Regelianum, purple-violet.
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{{Taxobox
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==Cultivation==
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| color = lightgreen
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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| name = ''Tropaeolum majus''
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| image = Nasturtium-Tropaeolum.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_caption = Flower and foliage
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Brassicales]]
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| familia = [[Tropaeolaceae]]
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| genus = ''[[Tropaeolum]]''
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| species = '''''T. majus'''''
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| binomial = ''Tropaeolum majus''
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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}}
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'''''Tropaeolum majus''''' ('''Garden Nasturtium''' or '''Indian Cress''') is a [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Tropaeolaceae]], originating in [[South America]] in the [[Andes]] from [[Bolivia]] north to [[Colombia]]. It is of cultivated, probably [[hybrid]] origin, with possible parent species including ''[[Tropaeolum minus|T. minus]]'', ''[[Tropaeolum moritzianum|T. moritzianum]]'', ''[[Tropaeolum peltophorum|T. peltophorum]]'', and ''[[Tropaeolum peregrinum|T. peregrinum]]''.<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?40686 ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>
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[[Image:Kapuziner-Kresse 7148.jpg|left|thumb|Flower showing nectar spur]]
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It is a [[herbaceous]] [[annual plant]] with trailing stems growing to 1 m long or more. The [[leaf|leaves]] are large, nearly circular, 3-15 cm diameter, green to glaucous green above, paler below; they are [[leaf shape|peltate]], with the 5-30 cm long [[petiole (botany)|petiole]] near the middle of the leaf, with several veins radiating to the smoothly rounded or slightly lobed margin. The [[flower]]s are 2.5–6 cm diameter, with five petals, eight stamens, and a 2.5–3 cm long nectar spur at the rear; they vary from yellow to orange to red, frilled and often darker at the base of the petals. The [[fruit]] is 2 cm broad, three-segmented, each segment with a single large seed 1–1.5 cm long.<ref name=jeps>Jepson Flora: [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Tropaeolum+majus ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref><ref name=pier>Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk: [http://www.hear.org/pier/species/tropaeolum_majus.htm ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref>
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==Cultivation and uses==
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===Propagation===
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It is widely cultivated, both as an [[ornamental plant]] and as a [[medicinal plant]].
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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Garden Nasturtiums are grown for their flowers, and also because both their leaves and flowers are edible; they can be used in salads, imparting a delicately peppery taste. The seed are also edible, and can be used as a [[caper]] substitute.<ref name=pfaf>Plants For A Future: [http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Tropaeolum+majus ''Tropaeolum majus'']</ref>
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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It is listed as [[invasive plant|invasive]] in several areas, including [[Hawaii]], [[Lord Howe Island]], and [[New Zealand]].<ref name=pier/>
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==Species==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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==References==
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==Gallery==
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{{reflist}}
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
    
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:Tropaeolum majus 02 ies.jpg|Underside of leaf showing petiole attachment
   
Image:Tropaeolum majus 04 ies.jpg|Flower cut through to show structure
 
Image:Tropaeolum majus 04 ies.jpg|Flower cut through to show structure
 
Image:Tropaeolum majus0.jpg|Immature fruit
 
Image:Tropaeolum majus0.jpg|Immature fruit
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Image:Upload.png| upload your photo
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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