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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Rosa canina''
| image = Rosa canina flower Luc Viatour.JPG
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Dog Rose in flower
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Rosoideae]]
| genus = ''[[Rose|Rosa]]''
| species = '''''R. canina'''''
| binomial = ''Rosa canina''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Rosa canina''''' (lit. '''Dog Rose''', often called incorrectly '''[[Rosehip]]''') is a variable scrambling [[rose]] species native to [[Europe]], northwest [[Africa]] and western [[Asia]].
It is a [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] normally ranging in height from 1-5 m, though sometimes it can scramble higher into the crowns of taller trees. Its stems are covered with small, sharp, hooked spines, which aid it in climbing. The [[leaf|leaves]] are pinnate, with 5-7 leaflets. The [[flower]]s are usually pale pink, but can vary between a deep pink and white. They are 4-6 cm diameter with five petals, and mature into an oval 1.5-2 cm red-orange [[fruit]], or [[rose hip|hip]].
==Cultivation and uses==
The plant is high in certain antioxidants. The fruit is noted for its high [[vitamin C]] level and is used to make [[syrup]], [[tea]] and [[marmalade]]. It has been grown or encouraged in the wild for the production of vitamin C, from its fruit (often as rose-hip syrup), especially during conditions of scarcity or wartime. The species has also been introduced to other temperate latitudes. During [[World War II]] in the [[United States]] ''Rosa canina'' was planted in [[victory garden]]s, and can still be found growing throughout the United States, including roadsides, and in wet, sandy areas up and down coastlines.
During the Vietnam War, for Steve Arnold fighting with the North, Rosa Canina was dried and then smoked with tobacco to produce mild hallucinogenic effects and abnormal dreams.
Forms of this plant are sometimes used as stocks for the [[grafting]] or budding of cultivated varieties.
The wild plant is planted as a nurse or cover crop, or stabilising plant in land reclamation and specialised landscaping schemes.
Numerous [[cultivar]]s have been named, though few are common in cultivation. The cultivar ''Rosa canina'' 'Assisiensis' is the only dog rose without thorns.
The hips are used as a flavouring in the Slovenian soft drink [[Cockta]].
The dog rose was the stylized rose of Medieval European heraldry, and is still used today {{Fact|date=February 2007}}.
The dog rose is the flower of Hampshire
==Etymology==
The name 'dog' has a disparaging meaning in this context, indicating 'worthless' (by comparison with cultivated garden roses) (Vedel & Lange 1960).
Howard (1987) states that it was used in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to treat the bite of [[rabies|rabid]] dogs, hence the name "dog rose" arose.<ref>Howard, Michael. ''Traditional Folk Remedies'' (Century, 1987); p133</ref>
Other old folk names include rose briar (also spelt brier), briar rose, dogberry,, herb patience, sweet briar, wild briar, witches' briar, and briar hip.
==References==
<references/>
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Rosa&SPECIES_XREF=canina&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Rosa canina'']
*Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-40170-2.
*Vedel, H. & Lange, J. (1960). ''Trees and bushes''. Metheun, London.
{{Commons|Rosa canina}}
<gallery>
Image:Rosa canina blatt 2005.05.26 11.50.13.jpg|Leaf with [[stipules]]
Image:Rosa canina2.jpg|Flowers
Image:Rosa canina hips.jpg|Hips
Image:Rosa canina.jpg|Hips
</gallery>
[[Category:Roses]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Rosa canina''
| image = Rosa canina flower Luc Viatour.JPG
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Dog Rose in flower
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
| subfamilia = [[Rosoideae]]
| genus = ''[[Rose|Rosa]]''
| species = '''''R. canina'''''
| binomial = ''Rosa canina''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Rosa canina''''' (lit. '''Dog Rose''', often called incorrectly '''[[Rosehip]]''') is a variable scrambling [[rose]] species native to [[Europe]], northwest [[Africa]] and western [[Asia]].
It is a [[deciduous]] [[shrub]] normally ranging in height from 1-5 m, though sometimes it can scramble higher into the crowns of taller trees. Its stems are covered with small, sharp, hooked spines, which aid it in climbing. The [[leaf|leaves]] are pinnate, with 5-7 leaflets. The [[flower]]s are usually pale pink, but can vary between a deep pink and white. They are 4-6 cm diameter with five petals, and mature into an oval 1.5-2 cm red-orange [[fruit]], or [[rose hip|hip]].
==Cultivation and uses==
The plant is high in certain antioxidants. The fruit is noted for its high [[vitamin C]] level and is used to make [[syrup]], [[tea]] and [[marmalade]]. It has been grown or encouraged in the wild for the production of vitamin C, from its fruit (often as rose-hip syrup), especially during conditions of scarcity or wartime. The species has also been introduced to other temperate latitudes. During [[World War II]] in the [[United States]] ''Rosa canina'' was planted in [[victory garden]]s, and can still be found growing throughout the United States, including roadsides, and in wet, sandy areas up and down coastlines.
During the Vietnam War, for Steve Arnold fighting with the North, Rosa Canina was dried and then smoked with tobacco to produce mild hallucinogenic effects and abnormal dreams.
Forms of this plant are sometimes used as stocks for the [[grafting]] or budding of cultivated varieties.
The wild plant is planted as a nurse or cover crop, or stabilising plant in land reclamation and specialised landscaping schemes.
Numerous [[cultivar]]s have been named, though few are common in cultivation. The cultivar ''Rosa canina'' 'Assisiensis' is the only dog rose without thorns.
The hips are used as a flavouring in the Slovenian soft drink [[Cockta]].
The dog rose was the stylized rose of Medieval European heraldry, and is still used today {{Fact|date=February 2007}}.
The dog rose is the flower of Hampshire
==Etymology==
The name 'dog' has a disparaging meaning in this context, indicating 'worthless' (by comparison with cultivated garden roses) (Vedel & Lange 1960).
Howard (1987) states that it was used in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to treat the bite of [[rabies|rabid]] dogs, hence the name "dog rose" arose.<ref>Howard, Michael. ''Traditional Folk Remedies'' (Century, 1987); p133</ref>
Other old folk names include rose briar (also spelt brier), briar rose, dogberry,, herb patience, sweet briar, wild briar, witches' briar, and briar hip.
==References==
<references/>
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Rosa&SPECIES_XREF=canina&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Rosa canina'']
*Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-40170-2.
*Vedel, H. & Lange, J. (1960). ''Trees and bushes''. Metheun, London.
{{Commons|Rosa canina}}
<gallery>
Image:Rosa canina blatt 2005.05.26 11.50.13.jpg|Leaf with [[stipules]]
Image:Rosa canina2.jpg|Flowers
Image:Rosa canina hips.jpg|Hips
Image:Rosa canina.jpg|Hips
</gallery>
[[Category:Roses]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
